TABLE 1.

Descriptive Statistics for Observed Variables

	Mothers				Fathers
Variable	M	SD	Range	% Missing	M	SD	Range	% Missing
Poor psychological functioning
Neuroticism	2.53	.66	1.17–4.58	1.65	2.41	.63	1.25–4.58	4.40
Anxiety	9.47	3.38	6.00–21.00	2.20	9.73	3.21	6.00–20.00	5.49
Depression	6.66	1.98	5.00–16.00	8.24	6.65	1.79	5.00–14.00	8.24
Traditional attitudes
Ambivalent sexism	2.70	.99	1.00–6.00	3.30	3.08	.79	1.05–4.91	8.24
Egalitarian beliefs about   parent/gender roles	4.30	.41	2.96–4.88	2.20	4.25	.42	2.92–4.92	5.49
Natural superiority of mothers	2.56	1.06	1.00–5.00	2.20	3.24	1.08	1.00–5.00	7.14
Maternal expectations
Partner-oriented parenting   perfectionism	2.26	.74	1.00–5.00	1.10
Perceived relationship instability	2.89	.97	2.00–7.00	1.10
Mothers’ parenting self-efficacy	3.52	.37	2.17–4.00	1.65
Other factors
Maternal religiosity	3.10	.95	1.00–4.00	2.20
Fathers’ parenting self-efficacy					3.45	.42	2.00–4.00	7.69
Maternal gatekeeping
Reported gate closing behavior	2.22	.66	1.00–4.11	4.40	2.24	.83	1.00–4.89	6.04
Reported gate opening behavior	4.07	.77	1.89–5.78	4.40	3.80	.92	1.44–5.78	5.49
Control over parental decision-   making	2.02	.73	1.00–3.78	5.49
Standards and responsibilities	2.13	.74	1.00–4.00	5.49
Maternal role confirmation	2.57	.67	1.25–4.00	4.40