Copper exposure significantly inhibits fAβ-induced phagocytosis by BV2 cells. BV2 cells were exposed to various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 µM) of copper for 3 or 24 h followed by 1-h exposure to 0.5 or 5 µM fAβ or 1 µg/ml LPS to stimulate phagocytosis. A, Phagocytic activation of BV2 cells and toxicity assay following the 3-h copper exposure and 0.5 µM fAβ stimulation. B, Phagocytic activation of BV2 cells and toxicity assay following the 24-h copper exposure and 0.5 µM fAβ stimulation. C, Phagocytic activation of BV2 cells and toxicity assay following the 3-h copper exposure and 5 µM fAβ stimulation. D, Phagocytic activation of BV2 cells and toxicity assay following the 24-h copper exposure and 5 µM fAβ stimulation. Each graph represents mean ± SEM of 3 separate experiments in triplicates (n = 9). Veh = vehicle control (no stimulation). *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01 compared to the corresponding stimulating agent (fAβ or LPS) alone.