Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated by primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (pPCI) stratified according to major adverse outcome.
| No major adverse outcome (n = 228) | Major adverse outcome (n = 145) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60±11 | 65±12 | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 75% | 74% | 0.84 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 99±17 | 101±20 | 0.29 |
| Hypertension | 32% | 32% | 0.87 |
| Diabetes | 6% | 13% | 0.013 |
| Current smoker | 50% | 54% | 0.53 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 17% | 17% | 0.98 |
| Previous AMI | 4% | 6% | 0.22 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1±4.2 | 26.2±4.7 | 0.05 |
| Peak Troponin I (μg/L) | 91 (25–207) | 135 (36–287) | 0.016 |
| eGFRc | 75.7±20.3 | 71.8±23.4 | 0.09 |
| Symptom-to-balloon time (min) | 185 (120–303) | 190 (135–315) | 0.54 |
| Complex lesion | 41% | 52% | 0.047 |
| Multivesseldisease | 25% | 31% | 0.24 |
| LAD Culprit lesion | 47% | 48% | 0.86 |
| RCA Culprit lesion | 39% | 43% | 0.81 |
| LCx Culprit lesion | 14% | 8% | 0.07 |
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIainhibitor | 22% | 27% | 0.32 |
| TIMI grade flow before pPCI | |||
| TIMI 0 flow | 61% | 65% | |
| TIMI 1 flow | 13% | 14% | 0.29 |
| TIMI 2 flow | 10% | 12% | |
| TIMI 3 flow | 17% | 10% | |
| TIMI grade flow after pPCI | |||
| TIMI 0 flow | 4% | 3% | |
| TIMI 1 flow | 2% | 8% | 0.05 |
| TIMI 2 flow | 8% | 8% | |
| TIMI 3 flow | 85% | 81% | |
| LVEF (%) | 48±8 | 43±9 | <0.001 |
| WMSI | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | <0.001 |
| LVEDV/BSA (mL/m2) | 49 (41–58) | 49 (41–59) | 0.81 |
| LVESV/BSA (mL/m2) | 25 (21–31) | 27 (22–36) | 0.09 |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 89.1 (73.0–106.8) | 93.2 (79.2–112.2) | 0.034 |
| LAVI (ml/m2) | 25±7 | 24±7 | 0.34 |
| E (m/s) | 0.77±0.18 | 0.76±0.21 | 0.82 |
| A (m/s) | 0.74±0.19 | 0.76±0.21 | 0.30 |
| E/A ratio | 1.05 (0.85–1.30) | 0.98 (0.82–1.31) | 0.25 |
| DT (ms) | 200±53 | 198±59 | 0.73 |
| E/e’ | 10.3 (8.1–12.1) | 10.9 (8.9–14.2) | 0.003 |
| Grade of diastolic function | |||
| Normal | 34% | 19% | |
| Grade I dysfunction | 21% | 26% | 0.001 |
| Grade II dysfunction | 42% | 43% | |
| Grade III dysfunction | 4% | 12% | |
| GLS (%) | 12.7±4.1 | 10.7±3.8 | <0.001 |
Continuous Gaussian distributed variables are represented by the mean and standard deviation. Continuous non-Gaussian distributed variables are represented by the median and interquartile range. Categorical variables are represented by proportions. MAP = Mean Arterial Blood Pressure, AMI = Acute Myocardial Infarction, BMI = Body Mass Index, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, LAD = Left Anterior Descending coronary artery, RCA = Right coronary artery, LCx = Left Circumflex coronary artery, LVEF = Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, WMSI = Wall Motion Score Index, LVId = Left Ventricular Internal Diameter in Diastole, LVEDV = Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume, LVEDV = Left Ventricular End-Systolic Volume, LVMI = Left Ventricular Mass Index, Left Atrial Volume Index = LAVI, E = peak transmitral early diastolic inflow velocity, A = peak transmitral late diastolic inflow velocity, DT = deceleration time of early diastolic inflow, TIMI = Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction classification, e’ = average peak early diastolic longitudinal mitral annular velocity determined by pulsed-wave TDI, GLS = Global longitudinal peak systolic strain.