Table 3.
Within-condition results and statistical significance: tracking accuracy
|
A. Tracking Error, cm | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treadmill Speed | Mean | SD | Cue Frequency | Mean | SD | Cue | Mean | SD |
| 0.2 m/s | 2.781 | 0.790 | None | 1.824* | 0.415 | Manual | 1.962* | 0.278 |
| 0.4 m/s | 2.354 | 0.462 | 0.09 Hz | 2.646 | 0.489 | Visual | 3.088* | 0.555 |
| 0.85 m/s | 2.374 | 0.309 | 0.11 Hz | 2.769 | 0.589 | ANOVA | F = 58.00; *P < 0.001 | |
| 1.3 m/s | 2.592 | 0.543 | 0.18 Hz | 2.861 | 0.469 | |||
| ANOVA | F = 16.59; P < 0.001 | |||||||
| Pairwise | *P < 0.001 | |||||||
|
B. Trunk/Cue Correlation and Time Lag | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treadmill Speed | Correlation | SD | Lag, s | SD | Cue Frequency | Correlation | SD | Lag, s | SD | Cue | correlation | SD | Lag, s | SD |
| 0.2 m/s | 0.953 | 0.015 | −0.005 | 0.064 | None | N/A | N/A | Manual | 0.968* | 0.010 | 0.015 | 0.057 | ||
| 0.4 m/s | 0.957 | 0.020 | −0.013 | 0.076 | 0.09 Hz | 0.952* | 0.010 | −0.041* | 0.075 | Visual | 0.946* | 0.019 | −0.017 | 0.097 |
| 0.85 m/s | 0.961 | 0.013 | 0.000 | 0.072 | 0.11 Hz | 0.962 | 0.013 | 0.009 | 0.059 | ANOVA | F = 14.97; *P = 0.003 | |||
| 1.3 m/s | 0.956 | 0.020 | 0.014 | 0.110 | 0.18 Hz | 0.956 | 0.016 | 0.029 | 0.064 | |||||
| ANOVA | F = 4.35; P = 0.027 | F = 12.82; P < 0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Pairwise | *P = 0.027 | *P < 0.001 | ||||||||||||
|
C. T3-L4 Fore-Aft Change, cm | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treadmill Speed | Mean | SD | Cue Frequency | Mean | SD | Cue | Mean | SD |
| 0.2 m/s | 1.368 | 0.189 | None | 1.331 | 0.186 | Manual | 1.266 | 0.045 |
| 0.4 m/s | 1.359* | 0.156 | 0.09 Hz | 1.297 | 0.133 | Visual | 1.355 | 0.050 |
| 0.85 m/s | 1.239* | 0.133 | 0.11 Hz | 1.302 | 0.106 | ANOVA | F = 4.65; P = 0.057 | |
| 1.3 m/s | 1.277 | 0.156 | 0.18 Hz | 1.314 | 0.146 | |||
| ANOVA | F = 3.47; P = 0.028 | |||||||
| Pairwise | *P < 0.035 | |||||||
|
D. T3-L4 Fore-Aft Correlation and Time Lag | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treadmill Speed | Correlation | SD | Lag, s | SD | Cue Frequency | Correlation | SD | Lag, s | SD | Cue | Correlation | SD | Lag, s | SD |
| 0.2 m/s | 0.900 | 0.029 | 0.009 | 0.071 | None | 0.680* | 0.055 | 0.015 | 0.127 | Manual | 0.903 | 0.019 | 0.003 | 0.047 |
| 0.4 m/s | 0.902 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.063 | 0.09 Hz | 0.983 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.009 | Vision | 0.915 | 0.023 | 0.012 | 0.027 |
| 0.85 m/s | 0.914 | 0.018 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.11 Hz | 0.988 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.006 | |||||
| 1.3 m/s | 0.921 | 0.030 | 0.011 | 0.019 | 0.18 Hz | 0.986 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.007 | |||||
| ANOVA | F = 354; P < 0.001 | |||||||||||||
| Pairwise | *P < 0.001 | |||||||||||||
P values in each section/column define all of the above asterisked numbers in that section/column.