Fig. 3.
Cross- and within-frequency lagged coherence (LC) are both assessed with 3 cycles per frequency. A: 2-s raw data trace from rat 1. The boxed areas mark data segments that are denoted xn (left) and yn+1 (right) in the main text on cross-frequency LC. The contribution of a frequency-specific Fourier component to a segment is shown as a sinusoid, whose amplitude and phase correspond one-to-one to the corresponding Fourier coefficient. The Fourier coefficient F(xn)f1 corresponds to the sinusoid that is superimposed on xn. And the Fourier coefficient F(yn+1)f2 corresponds to the sinusoid that is superimposed on yn+1. B: same as A, but now the boxed areas mark data segments that correspond to yn (left) and yn+1 (right), and the superimposed sinusoids correspond to F(yn)f2 and F(yn+1)f2. Note that, in contrast to Fig. 1B, these segments are nonadjacent (see the dashed lines). C: lagged phase-phase coupling in the synthetic signal that was used in Fig. 3, between present and future β (β-LC) and between present α and future β (α-β-LC).