Table 3. Whole-arm chromosomal interchanges in the Simuliidae.
| Taxonomic level | Taxon | Interchanged arms | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| subgenus | Helodon | IIL + IIIS, IIS + IIIL | [15] |
| species | Helodon vernalis | IS + IIL, IL + IIS | [15,33] |
| species | Prosimulium transbrachium | IS + IIL, IL + IIS | [33] |
| species group (in part) | Prosimulium magnum group (eastern spp.) | IS + IIS, IL + IIL | [34] |
| genus (in part) | Twinnia (western spp.) | IIL + IIIL, IIS + IIIS | [35] |
| species (in part)1 | Cnephia pallipes | IS + II (Ce IIS+IIL), IL + II (Ce IIIS+IIIL) | [18] |
| genus | Metacnephia | IS + IIL, IL + IIS | [36] |
| genus2 | Paraustrosimulium anthracinum (Bigot) | IIS + IIIS, IIL + IIIL | [37] |
| species3 | Simulium (Metomphalus) vorax | IS + IIL, IL + IIS | [15] |
| species4 | Simulium (Pternaspatha) limay | IIS + IIIS, IIL + IIIL | [38] |
| species subgroup | Simulium (Simulium) cholodkovskii lineage | IS + IIIL, IL + IIIS | [23], present study |
| subgenus | Simulium (Wilhelmia) | IS + IIL, IL + IIS | [15] |
1 Males, but not females, of this dichromosomic (n = 2) species, formerly known as Cnephia lapponica, are whole-arm interchange heterozygotes in only part of their geographic range [18].
2 The genus is monotypic.
3 The interchange might be found in other members of the subgenus Metomphalus and possibly is homologous with that of the subgenus Wilhelmia, which would suggest common ancestry [15].
4 Whether the interchange is found in other members of the subgenus Pternaspatha is not known.