Table 7.
Studies of MS-pain prevalence and intensity
| Study | Timing and type of MS pain studied | Prevalence of MS pain (%) | Pain-assessment tool for MS pain | Pain-intensity results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Hilali et al33 | Intradialytic symptoms, including muscle cramps; baseline measure was used for this study | Cramps: 23 | Not measured | NA |
| André et al21 | Intradialysis symptoms during last 6 months, including cramps | Cramps: 18 (type of cramps not specified) | Not measured | NA |
| Barrett et al79 | Somatic symptoms in HD patients, including joint pain and cramps; time recall for pain not reported | Joint pain: 43 Cramps: 53 (type of cramps not specified) |
Not measured | NA |
| Binik et al61 | All types of pain on and off dialysis, including cramps and bone pain | On HD: cramps 81, bone 11 Off HD: cramps 62, bone 15, back 5.7 Post-Tx reporting dialysis pain: cramps 51.9, bone 3.7 |
MPQ | On HD: cramps 10.7, bone 11.3 Off HD: cramps 9.9, bone 8.4, back |
| Bouattar et al36 | Chronic pain of all types (duration above 3 months) | OA: 76.5 Posttraumatic: 2.9 |
Not measured | NA |
| Bourbonnais and Tousignant57 | Pain during either HD or upon return home | Cramps and muscle pain: 25 Joint and back pain: 1,456 |
Not measured | NA |
| Braz and Duarte40 | MS manifestations in HD patients (time recall for pain unclear) | Arthralgia: 16 Bone pain: 7 CTS: 1 Myalgia: 2 |
Not measured | NA |
| Calls et al43 | Intradialytic and chronic pain (definition of chronic pain not reported) | MS pain ID: 33 C: 77 CTS: ID: 3.7 C: 7.4 Backache ID: 28.9 C: 37.5 |
Not measured | NA |
| Caplin et al60 | Symptoms specifically experienced during the HD session | Cramps: 74 (type of cramps not specified) Backache: 51 |
Not measured | NA |
| Caplin et al34 | All symptoms specifically experienced during the HD session | Cramps: 74.3 (type of cramps not specified) | Not measured | NA |
| Carreon et al80 | Bone/joint pain over the past 7 days | Bone/joint pain: 37 | DSI (Likert scale 1–5) | Median: 3±1 Distribution 0–1 (no pain) 0 1–2 (mild) 29% 2–3 (moderate) 36% 3–4 (severe) 21% 4–5 (excruciating) 14% |
| Chattopadhyay et al81 | SP syndrome on long-term HD (time frame for reporting pain not reported) | SP: 67 CTS: 73 KP: 7 |
Not measured | NA |
| Claxton et al62 | Physical symptoms over the prior week | Bone/joint pain: 53 | DSI; Likert scale 0–4 | 2.8 for bone/joint pain |
| Cristofolini et al50 | Chronic LBP (duration above 3 months) | LBP: 36 | Not measured | NA |
| Davison14 | Chronic pain of all types (duration above 3 months) | MS: 63 CTS: 1.9 |
Not measured | NA |
| Elsurer et al84 | Chronic bone pain (duration above 3 months) | Bone pain: 52 | VAS | VAS (mean ± SD) 39.8±32.1 |
| Fidan et al86 | All patients had MS symptoms at the time of the study | Arthralgia: 60 Myalgia: 62 Cramps: 82 Bone pain: 48 |
VAS | VAS hand (mean ± SD) 2.58±2.51 VAS upper extremities (mean ± SD) 2.58±2.51 |
| Fortina et al38 | Chronic pain of all types (definition of chronic pain not reported) | OA: 24 | VAS (0–4) | Mean score by different scorers Patients 3 Physicians 1.9 Paramedics 1 |
| Gamondi et al87 | Pain during the past 4 weeks | MS: 64 Cramps: 25 |
Not measured | NA |
| Golan et al52 | Chronic pain (duration above 3 months) | BP: 26 OMP: 22 CJP: 12 |
Not measured | NA |
| Iacono et al90 | In-center HD chronic pain | CJP: 59 BP/NP: 55 Legs/feet: 55 Hands/arms: 37 |
Not measured | NA |
| Khan et al91 | Symptomatology in ESRD patients on HD | Bone pain: 52 Cramps: 40 |
Not measured | NA |
| Konishiike et al53 | Shoulder pain at the time of survey in long-term HD patients | SP: 36 | Not measured | NA |
| Rodriguez Calero et al47 | Intradialysis and chronic pain (definition of chronic pain not reported), including CTS, backache and MS pain | MS: ID 33, C 77 CTS: ID 3.7, C 7.4 Backache: ID 28.9, C 37.5 |
Not measured | NA |
Abbreviations: BP, back pain; C, chronic; CJP, chronic joint pain; CTS, carpal tunnel syndrome; DSI, Dialysis Symptom Index; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HD, hemodialysis; ID, intradialytic; KP, knee pain; LBP, low-back pain; MPQ, McGill Pain Questionnaire; MS, musculoskeletal; NA, not applicable; NP, neck pain; OA, osteoarticular; OMP, other MS pain; SD, standard deviation; SP, shoulder pain; Tx, transplant; VAS, visual analog scale.