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. 2016 Jun 28;7:1025. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01025

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Copyright © 2016 Yan, Yu, Wang, Luo, Guo and Chai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Δsda is epistatic to ΔcomER in the control of biofilm formation in B. subtilis. (A) A schematic drawing of the gene clusters on the chromosomes of B. subtilis 3610 and B. cereus AR156, in which the comER genes are located. The region spanning from sda to comEC is highly conserved in both B. subtilis and B. cereus in the DNA sequence as well as the genetic arrangement of the genes. The gene cluster from yqeG to smtA is predicted to form an operon (Branda et al., 2004). Sequence identities between the homologous genes are provided as percentage numbers below the genes and were analyzed by using the program ClustalW2 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalw2/) and predicted protein sequences from the NCBI database. (B) An epitasis analysis among ΔcomER, Δsda, and ΔyqeK. Pellicle (B) and colony (C) biofilm formation in LBGM by the WT and various single and double mutants of B. subtilis was compared. Strains used in this assay include 3610 (WT), B165(ΔcomER), B264(ΔyqeK), B265(Δsda), B280(ΔcomER Δsda), and B281(ΔyqeK Δsda). The scale bars in the upper and lower panels represent 4 mm and 3 mm in length, respectively.