Table 2.
Summary table of meta-analyses of citrus fruits and esophageal and gastric cancers
| Cancer type | Esophageal cancer | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Esophageal adenocarcinoma | Esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia | Gastric cancer | Gastric cardia cancer | Gastric non-cardia cancer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linear dose–response meta-analysis per 100 g/day | |||||||
| No. of studies | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4 |
| No. of cases | 1,057 | 320 | 422 | 1,348 | 4,907 | 555 | 1,317 |
| Person-years | 7,513,150 | 2,542,187 | 5,354,570 | 7,507,530 | 22,949,089 | 7,507,530 | 8,393,008 |
| RR (95 % CI) | 0.86 (0.74–1.00) | 0.87 (0.69–1.08) | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.95 (0.85–1.05) | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) |
| I 2, P heterogeneity | 0 %, 0.83 | 23 %, 0.27 | 0 %, 0.58 | 50 %, 0.14 | 31 %, 0.21 | 55 %, 0.11 | 2 %, 0.40 |
| Highest versus lowest analysis | |||||||
| No. of studies | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4 |
| No. of cases | 1 158 | 320 | 422 | 1 348 | 4 907 | 555 | 1 317 |
| RR (95 % CI) | 0.77 (0.64–0.91) | 0.65 (0.47–0.89) | 0.78 (0.56–1.09) | 0.67 (0.44–1.01) | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | 0.62 (0.39–0.99) | 1.01 (0.79–1.28) |
| I 2, P heterogeneity | 5 %, 0.39 | 0 %, 0.60 | 29 %, 0.24 | 77 %, 0.01 | 57 %, 0.04 | 67 %, 0.05 | 47 %, 0.11 |