Figure 2.

Pie chart of movement parameters affected by online learning through MIP (based on a sample of 122 studies published from January 2000 to June 2015). (A) Graph for applied MIP studies (n = 52). (B) Graph for fundamental MIP studies (n = 70). Improvements quantified in terms of movement efficacy are displayed in a separate sector of the chart since this category involved a broader set of motor performance indexes. Movement efficacy encompassed both objective (e.g., movement coordination, success rate) and subjective (e.g., scale ratings on the technical execution) criterion. Noteworthy, no deleterious effects of MIP were found. Also, while for applied studies MIP efficacy on movement speed yielded contradictory results, with positive effects were almost systematically reported in fundamental studies. A reversed pattern of results emerged for movement accuracy, with positive effects being systematically reported in applied MIP studies but less consistently in fundamental studies.