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(A) Healthy airway (top) and constricted airway (bottom). When contracting, the smooth muscles induce a reduction of the airway lumen diameter, by wrinkling of the epithelial layer. Adapted from Yager et al. (1989). (B) Schema of a an airway lateral wall, including a mucus layer. Left: healthy lungs at rest. Right: lungs at rest and after bronchoconstriction.
