FIG. 3.

Defense responses of A. thaliana induced by His-VdNEP. (A) Necrotic lesion on a treated leaf 48 h postinfiltration; (B) cell death in a treated leaf revealed by trypan blue staining 12 h postinfiltration; (C) H₂O₂ production in a treated leaf revealed by 3′,3′-diaminobenzidine staining 6 h postinfiltration; (D) expression of PR genes in treated leaves. In the experiments shown in panels A to C, the right leaf was infiltrated with His-VdNEP, and the left was infiltrated with the His tag. For each infiltration, 10 μl of the protein solution (0.02 μg/μl) was applied. Transcripts of ACTIN2 were amplified by 26 cycles of PCR, and those of other genes were amplified by 30 cycles.