TABLE 1.
B. subtilis genes induced by 5 μg of furanone per ml
| Gene | Induction expression ratio | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Metabolism | ||
| acoR | 192.3 | Positive regulation of the acetoin dehydrogenase operon (acoABCL) |
| acuB | 7.1 | Acetoin utilization |
| glpF | 34.7 | Glycerol utilization |
| glpK | 6.3 | Glycerol utilization |
| licH | 67.3 | Lichenan degradation product utilization |
| Fatty acid biosynthesis | ||
| fabD | 8.4 | Malonyl coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase |
| fabHA | 8.5 | Also known as yjaX; 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase III A |
| fabHB | 74.1 | Also known as yhfB; 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase III B |
| fabF | 10.9 | Also known as yjaY; 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase II |
| Stress response and drug resistance | ||
| clpC | 13.2 | Negative regulator of late competence genes; positive regulator of autolysin (LytC and LytD) synthesis; class III stress response-related ATPase |
| clpE | 89.4 | ATP-dependent Clp, protease-like |
| ctsR | 15.8 | Negative regulation of class III stress genes |
| groES | 7.0 | Class I heat shock protein (molecular chaperonin) |
| mdr | 13.4 | Resistance to puromycin, nerfloxacin, and tosufloxacin, but not CCCP; multidrug efflux transportera |
| mmr | 22.8 | Methylenomycin A resistance protein |
| Transport | ||
| kapB | 22.4 | Required for activation of KinB in the initiation of sporulation |
| kbl | 23.3 | 2-Amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase (glycine acetyl transferase) |
| licA | 9.2 | Phosphotransferase system lichenan-specific enzyme IIA component |
| licB | 134.5 | Phosphotransferase system lichenan-specific enzyme IIB component |
| licC | 16.9 | Phosphotransferase system lichenan-specific enzyme IIC component |
| rbsA | 11.9 | Ribose ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein)%b |
| rbsB | 24.6 | Ribose ABC transporter (ribose-binding protein) |
| rbsC | 12.8 | Ribose ABC transporter (permease) |
| rbsD | 46.2 | Ribose ABC transporter (membrane protein) |
| rbsK | 22.0 | Ribose metabolism |
| rbsR | 28.6 | Negative regulation of ribose operon (rbsRKDACB); transcriptional regulator (LacI family) |
| Synthesis and other functions | ||
| resC | 8.7 | Essential protein similar to cytochrome c biogenesis protein |
| ribB | 6.9 | Riboflavin synthase (alpha subunit) |
| ribG | 21.9 | Riboflavin biosynthesis |
| ribH | 7.8 | Riboflavin synthase (beta subunit) |
| sigY | 6.8 | RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor (sigma-Y) |
| spoIIE | 9.8 | Dephosphorylates SpoIIAA-P and overcomes SpoIIAB-mediated inhibition of sigma-F, required for normal formation of the asymmetric septum (stage II sporulation) |
| tdh | 6.2 | Threonine catabolism |
| Unknown functions | ||
| yabQ | 17.6 | Unknown |
| yacH | 9.0 | Unknown |
| yacI | 19.8 | Unknown |
| ycnC | 7.7 | Unknown, similar to transcriptional regulator (TetR/AcrR family) |
| ycnD | 37.9 | Unknown, similar to NADPH-flavin oxidoreductase |
| ycnE | 40.6 | Unknown |
| ydbH | 6.1 | Unknown, similar to C4-dicarboxylate transport protein |
| ydbM | 6.7 | Unknown, similar to butyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase |
| ydeQ | 14.1 | Unknown, similar to NAD(P)H oxidoreductase |
| ydfJ | 17.7 | Unknown, similar to antibiotic transport-associated protein |
| ydgI | 7.7 | Unknown, similar to NADH dehydrogenase |
| ydgJ | 9.3 | Unknown, similar to transcriptional regulator (MarR family) |
| ydiM | 6.1 | Unknown |
| yesE | 6.7 | Unknown |
| yfiE | 495.4 | Unknown |
| yfkO | 10.1 | Unknown, similar to NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase |
| yhcL | 80.7 | Unknown, similar to sodium-glutamate symporter |
| yhgD | 6.9 | Unknown, similar to transcriptional regulator (TetR/AcrR family) |
| yhgE | 9.8 | Unknown, similar to phage infection protein |
| yitA | 6.3 | Unknown, similar to sulfate adenylyltransferase |
| ykcA | 13.4 | Unknown, similar to ABC transporter (binding protein) |
| ykoM | 9.1 | Unknown, similar to transcriptional regulator (MarR family) |
| ykvM | 6.5 | Unknown |
| ylbP | 9.7 | Unknown |
| ylnB | 11.3 | Unknown, similar to sulfate adenylyltransferase |
| ylnC | 59.4 | Unknown, similar to adenylylsulfate kinase |
| ylnD | 682.6 | Unknown, similar to uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase |
| ylnE | 8.9 | Unknown |
| ylnF | 43.9 | Unknown, similar to uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase |
| ymaA | 5.7 | Unknown, similar to ribonucleoprotein |
| yocJ | 51.6 | Unknown, similar to acyl-carrier protein phosphodiesterase |
| yodC | 7.5 | Unknown, similar to nitroreductase |
| yodS | 35.9 | Unknown, similar to 3-oxoadipate coenzyme A transferase |
| yosP | 8.2 | Unknown, similar to ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (beta subunit) |
| yozB | 10.5 | Unknown |
| yqjM | 15.6 | Unknown, similar to NADH-dependent flavin oxidoreductase |
| yrhA | 71.7 | Unknown, similar to cysteine synthase |
| yrhB | 17.0 | Unknown, similar to cystathionine gamma-synthase |
| yrkF | 10.1 | Unknown |
| yrkI | 15.8 | Unknown |
| yrrT | 54.1 | Unknown |
| ysbA | 28.6 | Unknown |
| ysxA | 7.6 | Unknown, similar to DNA repair protein |
| yusR | 13.5 | Unknown, similar to 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier protein reductase |
| yvbT | 8.8 | Unknown, similar to alkanal monooxygenase |
| yvgW | 9.8 | Unknown, similar to heavy metal-transporting ATPase |
| yvrD | 32.7 | Unknown, similar to ketoacyl-carrier protein reductase |
| ywgB | 35.8 | Unknown |
| ywjE | 12.4 | Unknown, similar to cardiolipin synthetase |
| ywnA | 66.4 | Unknown |
| ywnB | 2,907.2 | Unknown |
| ywnF | 8.9 | Unknown |
| ywsB | 13.5 | Unknown |
| yxeI | 6.6 | Unknown, similar to penicillin amidase |
| yxeK | 6.9 | Unknown |
| yxeL | 7.6 | Unknown |
| yxeM | 17.3 | Unknown, similar to amino acid ABC transporter (binding protein) |
| yxeN | 15.9 | Unknown, similar to amino acid ABC transporter (permease) |
| yxeO | 6.2 | Unknown, similar to amino acid ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein) |
a
CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone.
b
ABC, ATP binding cassette.