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. 2016 Jun 28;6:28712. doi: 10.1038/srep28712

Table 2. Main results for metabolites in different brain regions.

Study OSA Control Weight% >MD [95%CI] p I2% p PBegg PEgger
NAA/Cr in hippocampus
 Algin et al.33 1.16 ± 0.1 1.24 ± 0.1 61.0 −0.08 [−0.16, −0.00]          
 Bartlett et al.31 1.73 ± 1.46 1.25 ± 0.56 0.3 0.48 [−0.64, 0.60]          
 Halbower et al.26 1.22 ± 0.38 1.21 ± 0.23 2.8 0.01 [−0.35, 0.37]          
 Kizilgoz et al.34 2.00 ± 0.95 2.40 ± 0.53 1.8 −0.40 [−0.84, 0.04]          
 O’Donoghue et al.32 1.58 ± 0.23 1.66 ± 0.15 34.0 −0.08 [−0.18, 0.02]          
 Pooled     100 −0.08 [−0.14, −0.02] 0.52 0 <0.01 0.81 0.28
NAA/Cho in hippocampus
 Algin et al.33 1.07 ± 0.1 1.11 ± 0.2 32.0 −0.04 [−0.18, 0.10]          
 Halbower et al.26 0.91 ± 0.05 1.29 ± 0.21 30.1 −0.38 [−0.55, −0.21]          
 Kizilgoz et al.34 2.06 ± 0.99 2.25 ± 0.67 13.1 −0.19 [−0.71, 0.33]          
 O’Donoghue et al.32 4.15 ± 0.52 4.04 ± 0.45 24.9 0.11 [−0.15, 0.37]          
 Pooled     100 −0.12 [−0.36, 0.11] <0.01 77 0.30 0.09 0.01
Cho/Cr in hippocampus
 Algin et al.33 1.09 ± 0.1 1.15 ± 0.1 38.7 −0.06 [−0.14, 0.02]          
 Halbower et al.26 1.37 ± 0.41 0.94 ± 0.05 6.5 −0.03 [−0.05, −0.01]          
 Kizilgoz et al.34 1.18 ± 0.92 1.25 ± 0.78 2.4 −0.07 [−0.63, 0.49]          
 O’Donoghue et al.32 0.38 ± 0.04 0.41 ± 0.04 52.3 0.43 [0.10, 0.76]          
 Pooled     100 −0.01 [−0.10, 0.08] 0.05 63 0.78 0.31 0.11
NAA/Cr in frontal lobe
 Alchanatis et al.35 1.58 ± 0.14 1.66 ± 0.17 23.5 −0.08 [−0.17, 0.01]          
 Algin et al.33 1.61 ± 0.64 1.98 ± 0.2 22.4 −0.37 [−0.57, −0.17]          
 Gharraf et al.36 1.33 ± 0.13 2.08 ± 0.15 23.3 −0.95 [−1.06, −0.84]          
 Halbower et al.26 3.1 ± 1.7 2.7 ± 0.6 6.7 0.40 [−0.95, 1.75]          
 O’Donoghue et al.32 1.59 ± 0.13 1.65 ± 0.18 23.5 −0.06 [−0.15, 0.03]          
 Sarchielli et al.29 138.09 ± 6.9 147.09 ± 11 0.5 −9.00 [−14.69, −3.31]          
 Pooled     100 −0.36 [−0.77, 0.06] <0.01 97 0.09 0.45 0.15
NAA/Cho in frontal lobe
 Alchanatis et al.35 1.89 ± 0.43 1.78 ± 0.42 26.4 0.11 [−0.11, 0.33]          
 Algin et al.33 1.48 ± 0.08 1.99 ± 0.36 28.0 −0.51 [−0.68, −0.34]          
 Halbower et al.26 1.6 ± 0.4 2.2 ± 0.4 19.3 −0.60 [−1.04, −0.16]          
 O’Donoghue et al.32 4.56 ± 0.41 4.92 ± 0.44 26.2 −0.36 [−0.59, −0.13]          
 Pooled     100 −0.32 [−0.64, −0.01] <0.01 86 0.05 0.31 0.50
Cho/Cr in frontal lobe
 Alchanatis et al.35 0.88 ± 0.19 0.99 ± 0.43 0.4 −0.11 [−0.31, 0.09]          
 Algin et al.33 1.23 ± 0.14 1.03 ± 0.08 5.8 0.09 [0.04, 0.14]          
 Gharraf et al.36 0.99 ± 0.08 1.17 ± 0.03 8.6 −0.18 [−0.22, −0.14]          
 Halbower et al.26 1.9 ± 1.1 1.3 ± 0.3 0.0 0.60 [−0.25, 1.45]          
 O’Donoghue et al.32 0.35 ± 0.02 0.33 ± 0.03 85.1 0.02 [0.01, 0.03]          
 Sarchielli et al.29 96.99 ± 12.7 94.88 ± 5.19 0.0 2.11 [−3.90, 8.12]          
 Pooled     100 −0.02 [−0.14, 0.09] <0.01 94 0.68 0.99 0.35

Abbreviations: NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea; MD, Mean difference; CI, Confidence Interval; PBegg, p-value for Begg’s test; PEgger, p-value for Egger test.