Table 1. Characteristics of patients from which cardiac biopsy material were used for immunoblotting.
| Heart failure | Non-failing controls | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 59 ± 2 | 59 ± 4 | 0.91 |
| Body-mass index | 26 ± 1 | 28 ± 5 | 0.79 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 22 ± 9 | 66 ± 2 | 0.0003 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 5/5 | 0/5 | 0.008 |
| NYHA class III | 5/5 | 0/5 | 0.008 |
| Medication | |||
| Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers | 3/5 | 0/5 | 0.17 |
| Anticoagulation | 5/5 | 1/5 | 0.048 |
| ACE-inhibitors | 5/5 | 0/5 | 0.008 |
| Digoxin | 3/5 | 0/5 | 0.17 |
| Diuretics | 4/5 | 1/5 | 0.21 |
P values for age, body-mass index and ejection fraction derive from unpaired Student’s t-tests. Data on dilated cardiomyopathy, New York Heart Associations (NYHA) class III and medications are provided as number of patients relative to group size (5 patients in each group); these P values are from comparisons using Fisher’s exact test.