Table 2.
Associations of age, gender, BMI, smoking, and drinking status with the risk of essential hypertension.
| Characteristics | Hypertensive | Normotensive | Crude OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | <0.001 | |||||
| ≤45 | 66 | 284 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| >45 | 148 | 210 | 3.03 (2.16–4.26) | <0.001 | 2.63 (1.84–3.76) a | |
| Gender | 0.025 | |||||
| Female | 26 | 164 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Male | 188 | 330 | 3.59 (2.29–5.64) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.08–3.04) b | |
| BMI | <0.001 | |||||
| Normal | 38 | 228 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Overweight/Obesity | 176 | 266 | 3.97 (2.68–5.88) | <0.001 | 2.78 (1.83–4.22) c | |
| Smoking status | 0.743 | |||||
| Non-smokers | 119 | 327 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Ever-smokers | 95 | 167 | 1.56 (1.13–2.17) | 0.008 | 1.07 (0.73–1.56) d | |
| Drinking status | 0.015 | |||||
| Non-drinkers | 105 | 337 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Ever-drinkers | 109 | 157 | 2.23 (1.61–3.09) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.10–2.33) e | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Adjusted OR: a adjusted for gender, BMI and smoking, drinking status; b adjusted for age, BMI and smoking, drinking status; c adjusted for age, gender and smoking, drinking status; d adjusted for age, gender, BMI and drinking status; e adjusted for age, gender, BMI and smoking status. p-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.