Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies.
| Study | Region | Study Type | Participants Category (Case/Control) | Risk Factors | Sample Size (n) | Age (Years) | Male/Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [17] | Taixing | case-control study | HCC/nature people | alcohol consumption | 208, 208 | 52 (22–93) | 170/38 |
| [15] | Taiwan | case-control study | HCC/nature people | alcohol consumption, smoking, family histories of HCC | 200, 200 | p * | p * |
| [32] | Longan | prospective study | choric HBsAg carries | alcohol consumption, smoking, HBV DNA levels, family histories of HCC, sex | 3007 | 33–55 | 1643/1364 |
| [38] | Jiangsu, Qidong | case-control study | HBV-related HCC/LC | alcohol consumption, smoking, antiviral treatment, HBV DNA levels, family histories of HCC, sex | 330, 110 | 52.4 ± 10.6, 51.4 ± 10.6 | 285/45, 85/25 |
| [29] | Chongqing | prospective study | CHB | antiviral treatment | 112 | 33.7 ± 9.1, 32.4 ± 8.7 | 59/53 |
| [18] | Taixing | case-control study | HCC/nature people | alcohol consumption, family histories of HCC | 88, 88 | 47.5 (22–79) | 71/17 |
| [25] | Qingdao | case-control study | HBV-related HCC/CHB | alcohol consumption, HBV DNA levels, HBeAg positive, family histories of HCC, sex | 243, 227 | 57 (51, 63), 54 (50, 59) | 199/44, 150/77 |
| [39] | Jiangsu, Huaian | case-control study | HCC/digestion tract cancer not HCC | alcohol consumption | 219, 219 | 53 (26–78), 50.5 (28–75) | 153/66, 151/68 |
| [23] | Hong kong | case-control study | HBV-related HCC/trauma patients | smoking | 150, 36 | p * | p * |
| [22] | Kunming | retrospective study | HBeAg(+)CHB/HBeAg(−)CHB | HBeAg positive | 1829 | 42.07 ± 14.22 | 1471/358, |
| [27] | Taiwan | prospective study | HBeAg(+)CHB/HBeAg(+)CHB | antiviral treatment | 233, 233 | 32 ± 7, 31 ± 8 | 219/14, 219/14 |
| [21] | Taiwan | case-control study | HCC/choric HBV carries | HBV DNA levels | 200, 160 | 54.0 ± 12.3, 32 ± 10.0 | 167/200, 103/160 |
| [24] | Jiangsu, Qidong | case-control study | choric HBsAg carries/choric HBsAg carries | alcohol consumption, smoking, HBV DNA levels | 170, 276 | >20 | 170/0, 276/0 |
| [31] | Hubei | prospective study | CHB | alcohol consumption | 80 | 49.3 ± 13.2 | 80/0 |
| [30] | Urumqi | prospective study | HBV-related LC | antiviral treatment | 238 | 45.7 ± 11.3 | 168/70 |
| [14] | Beijing | prospective study | choric HBV-related LC | antiviral treatment | 217 | 54 ± 10 | 157/60 |
| [35] | Hunan | case-control study | HCC/digestive malignancy not HCC | HBeAg positive | 211, 220 | 13–76 | 192/19, - |
| [36] | Shanghai | case-control study | HBV-related HCC/HBV-related LC | alcohol consumption, smoking, HBV-DNA levels, family histories of HCC, sex | 80, 40 | 48.72 ± 14.15, 50.14 ± 16.32 | 61/19, 29/11 |
| [28] | Jiangsu, Qidong | prospective study | choric HBsAg carries and not choric HBsAg carries | HBV DNA levels, HBeAg positive | 477, 477 | 43.9 ± 9.8, 43.6 ± 10.3 | 392/85, 392/85 |
| [13] | Chongqing | prospective study | CHB | HBeAg positive | 183 | 31.9 ± 8, 31.1 ± 7.2 | 52/13, 100/18 |
| [19] | Taiwan | prospective study | nature people | HBV DNA levels, HBeAg positive | 11,893 | 30–65 | 11,893/0 |
| [16] | Shenyang | prospective study | Decompensated liver disease | antiviral treatment | 84, 84 | 26–78 | 59/25, 65/19 |
| [37] | Taizhou, Linhai | prospective study | HBV-related LC | alcohol consumption, smoking, antiviral treatment, HBV DNA levels, family histories of HCC, sex | 196 | 47.37 ± 5.62, 45.08 ± 6.83 | 144/52 |
| [20] | Taiwan | prospective study | choric HBsAg carries | HBV DNA levels, HBeAg positive | 4841 | >30 | 4841/0 |
| [34] | Wuhan, Xiaogan | prospective study | CHB | HBV DNA levels, sex | 751 | 51 ± 4.6 | 489/262 |
| [26] | Guiyang | case-control study | HCC/Cancer not HCC | alcohol consumption | 762, 798 | 51 (22–89), 48 (19–86) | 602/160, 458/340 |
| [33] | Nanjing | case-control study | choric HBsAg carries/choric HBsAg carries | HBV DNA levels, HBeAg positive | 90, 90 | 52.53 ± 10.27, 52.53 ± 10.23 | 78/12, 78/12 |
* p, the difference of corresponding variable between case and control wasn’t significant (p > 0.05); Abbreviations: HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; LC, liver cirrhosis.