Table 1.
Characteristics of the HIV/AIDS patients (n (%), or median (25th–75th percentiles)).
| Characteristics | Overall, (n = 748) | Men, (n = 157) | Women, (n = 591) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 38 (32–44) | 41 (35–47) | 37 (31–43) | <0.001 |
| Education level, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Primary | 113/746 (15.1) | 38/157 (24.2) | 75/589 (12.7) | |
| Secondary and above | 633/746 (84.9) | 119/157 (75.8) | 514/589 (87.3) | |
| Employed, n (%) | 408/747 (54.6) | 78/157 (49.7) | 330/590 (55.9) | 0.162 |
| Smoking habit, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Never smoke | 461/718 (64.7) | 34/156 (22.2) | 427/562 (76.4) | |
| Current smoker | 187/718 (25.3) | 93/156 (58.8) | 90/562 (16.1) | |
| Past smoker | 70/718 (13.3) | 29/156 (45.3) | 42/562 (9.0) | |
| Heavy drinker, n (%) | 64/187 (34.2) | 22/64 (34.4) | 42/123 (34.1) | 0.975 |
| HIV duration, years | 5 (2–9) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (2.5–9) | <0.001 |
| CD4, cells/mm3 | 392(240–604) | 272(193–448) | 410(253–627) | 0.001 |
| ART treatment, n (%) | 0.005 | |||
| Non-ART | 46/699 (6.6) | 7/149 (4.7) | 39/550 (7.1) | |
| first line | 426/699 (60.9) | 78/149 (52.3) | 348/550 (63.3) | |
| second line | 79/699 (11.3) | 17/149 (11.4) | 62/550 (11.3) | |
| Others | 148/699 (21.2) | 47/149 (31.5) | 101/550 (18.3) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
| Median (P25–P75) | 26.3 (22.1–32) | 21.4 (19.8–22.4) | 28.3 (23.8–28.9) | <0.001 |
| <25, n (%) | 325 (43.4) | 126 (80.3) | 199 (33.7) | |
| 25.0–29.9, n (%) | 171 (22.9) | 21 (13.4) | 150 (25.4) | |
| ≥30, n (%) | 252 (33.7) | 10 (6.4) | 242 (40.9) | |
| Waist circumference, cm | 88 (77.5–98) | 78.9 (73.9–88.3) | 90 (79.5–100.8) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 117 (107–129.5) | 123.5 (114.5–140) | 115 (105.8–127) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 82 (75–90.5) | 83 (76–94) | 81.5 (74.8–89.8) | 0.129 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.3 (3.7–5.1) | 4.2 (3.5–5.0) | 4.4 (3.8–5.1) | 0.009 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.27 (1.03–1.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.29 (1.08–1.52) | 0.010 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.5 (2.0–3.1) | 2.3 (1.7–3.0) | 2.5 (2.0–3.1) | 0.012 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.0 (0.74–1.34) | 1.12 (0.75–1.27) | 0.97 (0.74–1.28) | 0.023 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.0 (4.6–5.4) | 5.1 (4.8–5.5) | 4.9 (4.6–5.4) | 0.010 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.36 (0.84–2.24) | 0.94 (0.53–1.64) | 1.49 (0.93–2.37) | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 5.6 (2.4–12) | 5.0 (2.1–16.2) | 5.6 (2.4–14.2) | 0.728 |
| Treated hypertension, n (%) | 110 (14.7) | 11 (7) | 99 (16.8) | 0.002 |
| Treated diabetes, n (%) | 28 (3.7) | 8 (5.1) | 20 (3.4) | 0.432 |
ART, antiretroviral; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low density lipoprotein.