| GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus |
| FFQs | food frequency questionnaires |
| PCA | principal components analysis |
| LCA | Latent Class Analysis |
| DASH | Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension |
| aMED | alternate Mediterranean Diet |
| aHEI | alternate Healthy Eating Index |
| MUFA:SFA | the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid |
| PUFA:SFA | the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid |
| DHA | docosahexaenoic acid |
| EPA | eicosapentaenooic acid |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| HDPs | Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy |
| SGA | small for gestational age |
| NTDs | neural tube defects |
| GI | glycemic-index |
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