Table 1.
Characteristics of malaria cases at control stage and elimination stage in China
| Characteristics | Control stage (2005–2010) | Elimination stage (2011–2014) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Average per year | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Average per year | |
| Number of cases | 40,226 | 61,204 | 47,380 | 26,727 | 14,278 | 7506 | 32,887 | 4127 | 2453 | 3905 | 2924 | 3352 |
| Incidence rate (per 100 000) | 3.1 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Cases by species | ||||||||||||
| P. vivax | 30,692 | 48,169 | 38,768 | 21,322 | 10,747 | 4956 | 25,776 | 2432 | 1021 | 897 | 851 | 5201 |
| (%) | (76.3) | (78.7) | (81.8) | (79.8) | (75.3) | (66.0) | (78.4) | (58.9) | (41.6) | (23.0) | (29.1) | (38.8) |
| P. falciparum | 3771 | 2872 | 1691 | 1025 | 1043 | 1304 | 1951 | 1442 | 1354 | 2825 | 1844 | 7465 |
| (%) | (9.4) | (4.7) | (3.6) | (3.8) | (7.3) | (17.4) | (5.9) | (35.0) | (55.2) | (72.3) | (63.1) | (55.7) |
| Others | 5763 | 10,163 | 6921 | 4380 | 2488 | 1246 | 5160 | 253 | 78 | 183 | 229 | 743 |
| (%) | (14.3) | (16.6) | (14.6) | (16.4) | (17.3) | (16.6) | (15.7) | (6.1) | (3.2) | (4.7) | (7.8) | (5.5) |
| Cases by residence | ||||||||||||
| Local | 36,009 | 55,999 | 43,489 | 24,180 | 12,413 | 5849 | 29,657 | 2639 | 1325 | 2413 | 1538 | 1979 |
| (%) | (89.5) | (91.5) | (91.8) | (90.5) | (86.9) | (77.9) | (90.2) | (63.9) | (54.0) | (61.8) | (52.6) | (59.0) |
| Migrant | 4217 | 5205 | 3891 | 2547 | 1865 | 1657 | 3230 | 1488 | 1128 | 1492 | 1386 | 1373 |
| (%) | (10.5) | (8.5) | (8.2) | (9.5) | (13.1) | (22.1) | (9.8) | (36.1) | (46.0) | (38.2) | (47.4) | (41.0) |
| Cases by locationa | ||||||||||||
| 24 endemic provinces | 40,182 | 61,130 | 47,312 | 26,659 | 14,221 | 7436 | 32,823 | 4033 | 2386 | 3801 | 2837 | 3264 |
| (%) | (99.9) | (99.9) | (99.7) | (99.8) | (99.6) | (99.1) | (99.8) | (97.7) | (97.3) | (97.3) | (97.0) | (97.4) |
| 7 non-endemic provinces | 44 | 74 | 68 | 68 | 57 | 70 | 64 | 94 | 67 | 104 | 87 | 88 |
| (%) | (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.4) | (0.9) | (0.2) | (2.3) | (2.7) | (2.7) | (3.0) | (2.6) |
| Cases by reporting institutes | ||||||||||||
| Private clinics and hospitals | 321 | 334 | 540 | 347 | 193 | 182 | 320 | 62 | 41 | 69 | 57 | 57 |
| (%) | (0.8) | (0.6) | (1.1) | (1.3) | (1.3) | (2.4) | (1.0) | (1.5) | (1.7) | (1.8) | (2.0) | (1.7) |
| Town-level hospitals | 24,433 | 44,923 | 34,466 | 17,870 | 8767 | 3449 | 22,318 | 1379 | 298 | 174 | 129 | 495 |
| (%) | (60.7) | (73.4) | (72.7) | (66.8) | (61.4) | (46.0) | (67.9) | (33.4) | (12.2) | (4.4) | (4.4) | (14.8) |
| County-level hospitals | 5400 | 5764 | 4919 | 3278 | 1742 | 865 | 3661 | 403 | 327 | 711 | 448 | 472 |
| (%) | (13.4) | (9.4) | (10.4) | (12.3) | (12.2) | (11.5) | (11.1) | (9.8) | (13.3) | (18.2) | (15.3) | (14.1) |
| City-level hospitals | 2562 | 2878 | 2490 | 1840 | 1352 | 1333 | 2076 | 1186 | 923 | 1342 | 1363 | 1204 |
| (%) | (6.4) | (4.7) | (5.3) | (6.9) | (9.5) | (17.8) | (6.3) | (28.7) | (37.6) | (34.4) | (46.6) | (35.9) |
| Public health institutes | 7510 | 7305 | 4965 | 3392 | 2224 | 1677 | 4512 | 1097 | 864 | 1609 | 927 | 1124 |
| (%) | (18.7) | (11.9) | (10.5) | (12.7) | (15.6) | (22.3) | (13.7) | (26.6) | (35.2) | (41.2) | (31.7) | (33.5) |
| Cases by originb | ||||||||||||
| Autochthonous cases | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1507 | 253 | 92 | 67 | 480 |
| (%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | (36.5) | (10.3) | (2.4) | (2.3) | (14.3) |
| Imported cases | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2620 | 2200 | 3813 | 2857 | 2872 |
| (%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | (63.5) | (89.7) | (97.6) | (97.7) | (85.7) |
aEndemic provinces include Liaoning, Xinjiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Tibet, and Gansu; non-endemic provinces include Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Qinghai, Ningxia, according to the national malaria elimination program [3]
bOnly the origins of cases occurring within the period 2011–2014 were included in this study, because each malaria case was required to be classified as either autochthonous or imported since 2010, according to the national malaria elimination program [3]