Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of type 2 diabetes relatives (R) and control subjects (C)
| Relatives (R) n = 23 |
Controls (C) n = 24 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (m/f) | 12/11 | 13/11 | n.s. |
| Age (years) | 46.8 (12.0) | 47.2 (11.7) | n.s. |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 (3.8) | 25.0 (3.1) | n.s. |
| Weight (kg) | 78.4 (16.4) | 77.5 (15.1) | n.s |
| Waist (cm) | 88.6 (12.0) | 88.2 (11.5) | n.s. |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.86 (0.09) | 0.85 (0.09) | n.s. |
| Heart rate at rest (beats/min) | 65.7 (8.1) | 66.3 (7.5) | n.s. |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118 (18) | 113 (11) | n.s. |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77 (12) | 79 (13) | n.s. |
| Smokers/non-smokers | 1/22 | 3/24 | n.s. |
| Fat mass (%) | 28.2 (7.2) | 28.8 (7.3) | n.s. |
| Visceral adipose tissue (VAT, cm2)a,b | 94.1 (56.4) | 101.5 (56.2) | n.s. |
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT, cm2)a,b | 204.4 (75.0) | 220.0 (83.1) | n.s. |
| Visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratioa,b | 0.48 (0.28) | 0.49 (0.28) | n.s. |
| Liver fat content (Mean HU) | 66.0 (6.4) | 64.2 (5.9) | n.s. |
| HbA1c (IFCC; mmol/mol)c | 34.1 (4.0) | 33.7 (8.0) | n.s. |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.5 (0.5) | n.s. |
| Fasting serum insulin (mU/L) | 7.5 (6.9) | 6.9 (3.6) | n.s. |
| HOMA IR | 1.8 (11.7) | 1.7 (50.9) | n.s. |
| HOMA β % | 81.0 (69.5) | 80.1 (41.2) | n.s. |
| OGTT 2 h blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.3 (1.3) | 6.5 (1.3) | 0.049 |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 (0.9) | 5.2 (0.9) | n.s. |
| Serum HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.36 (0.38) | 1.50 (0.43) | n.s. |
| Serum LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.2 (0.8) | n.s. |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.21 (0.73) | 1.07 (0.39) | n.s. |
| M value (mg/kg lean body mass/min) | 12.4 (5.0) | 13.2 (4.5) | n.s. |
| Mean serum insulin during clamp (mU/L) | 92.9 (31.4) | 94.6 (22.0) | n.s. |
| Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) [(100 × mg/kg/(mU/L)] | 15.0 (7.2) | 15.0 (7.0) | n.s |
| Plasma NEFA (µmol/L) | |||
| Basal | 0.28 (0.10) | 0.33 (0.11) | 0.09 |
| During clamp | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.01) | n.s. |
Data are means (sd) or number of subjects
HU hounsfield units
aOnly subjects participating in the CT examination (n = 44; 21 R. 23 C)
bCalculated values obtained from the CT scans at the L2 and L4 levels
cCalculated values from Mono S