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. 2016 Jun 28;7:252. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00252

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Copyright © 2016 Neyroud, Cheng, Bourdillon, Kayser, Place and Westerblad.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Superimposed twitch (Tw) force was still markedly decreased in Exp3, which combined the less intense stimulation with ischemia and decreased stimulation frequency during contractions. Human adductor pollicis muscles were stimulated at 20 Hz, 1.5 s on–3 s off. (A), the upper part shows representative force records of the first and last fatiguing contractions and the lower part mean data of tetanic and peak twitch forces; expanded superimposed twitches are shown above the tetanic force records. (B), EMG records (left) and mean M-wave amplitude and latency (right). Black and red lines in original records correspond to the first and the last tetanus; respectively; arrow indicates the extra stimulation. Data are mean ± SD expressed in percentage of the initial value (n = 7). ^*p < 0.05 shows significant difference from the first tetanus (one-way repeated measures ANOVA).