Figure 1.

LPS induces a reduction in locomotor activity and appetite. (A) Mean and SEM of the distance walked during each trial by bees in each treatment group. (B) Mean and SEM of the number of immobility events during each trial by bees in each treatment group. (C) Mean and SEM of the amount of sucrose ingested by bees in each treatment group measured at the end of the experiment. (D) Representative walking tracks of two bees injected with saline or LPS. Dots correspond to the position of the honeybee at the beginning and the end of the trial. The outer circle represents the arena limit, and the inner circle represents the area occupied by the eppendorf cap that contained sucrose solution. Student's t-test: ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001. Data from Panels (A–C) correspond to the same individuals: N, 13 saline, and 14 LPS-injected bees.