Table 2.
Phytochemical analyses of organic extracts from leaves and roots of C. spinosa.
| Extract | Yield (%) | Quantitative analyses | Phytochemical screen | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total phenolic content (mg GAE/g) | Flavonoid content (mg QE/g) | Positive tests for | Negative test for | ||
| ChL | 3.77 | 131.3 ± 0.7 | 11.9 ± 0.1 | Reducing sugars, anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, steroids, proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins | Alkaloids, coumarins, cinnamic acid derivatives, saponins, |
| CL | 2.15 | 201.7 ± 0.8 | 153.7 ± 0.6 | Reducing sugars, anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, steroids, proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins | Alkaloids, coumarins, cinnamic acid derivatives, saponins, |
| EAL | 2.81 | 173.6 ± 0.5 | 48.4 ± 0.2 | Reducing sugars, anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins | Alkaloids, coumarins, cinnamic acid derivatives, saponins, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes |
| ML | 6.23 | 255.7 ± 0.3 | 71.8 ± 0.8 | Reducing sugars, anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, cinnamic acid derivatives, saponins, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, | Alkaloids, coumarins, triterpenes, steroids, proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins |
| ChR | 0.38 | 72.73 ± 1.43 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | Reducing sugars, anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, steroids | Alkaloids, cinnamic acid derivatives, saponins, proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins |
| CR | 0.27 | 215.2 ± 0.6 | 24 ± 0.0 | Reducing Sugars, anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, steroids | Alkaloids, coumarins, cinnamic acid derivatives, saponins, proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins |
| EAR | 0.1 | 256.94 ± 0.5 | 36.0 ± 0.2 | Reducing sugars, anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, steroids | Alkaloids, coumarins, cinnamic acid derivatives, proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins |
| MR | 3.36 | 125.9 ± 0.70 | 7.9 ± 0.1 | Reducing sugars, anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, cinnamic acid derivatives, saponins, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, | Alkaloids, triterpenes, steroids, proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidins |
Cyclohexane extracts, ChL and ChR; chloroform extracts, CL and CR; ethyl acetate extracts, EAL and EAR: methanolic extracts, ML and MR.