Table 3.

Three class model results

GMM Model results	Intercept (SE)		Linear growth (SE)
Class 1 (Low/decreasing participation group)	15.3(0.75)		-3.22(0.25)
Class 2 (Moderate/increasing participation group)	24.48(3.32)		14.46(1.37)
Class 3 (Moderate/consistent participation group)	30.55(2.26)		0.67(0.74)
Participation subgroups compared	Low-Consistent			Increasing-Consistent
Predictor	B	SE	OR	B	SE	OR
Demographic & self-selection
Sex◆	-0.36	0.25	0.70	-0.25	0.46	0.78
Parental education	-0.30**	0.10	0.74	0.07	0.21	1.07
Self-acceptance	0.22	0.18	1.25	0.91*	0.44	2.49
8th grade GPA	-0.57*	0.23	0.56	-0.32	0.39	0.73
Risk factors
Substance use	0.19**	0.07	1.21	-0.09	0.14	0.91
Friends’ negative behavior	0.12	0.21	1.01	-0.61	0.39	0.54
Conflict in the family environment	0.04	0.24	1.04	-0.93	0.56	0.40
Promotive factors
Parental support	-0.29	0.16	0.75	-0.80**	0.26	0.45
School attachment	-0.37	0.21	0.69	0.02	0.36	1.03

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01,

^◆females: reference group