. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 28.

Published in final edited form as: J Comp Neurol. 2008 Jun 1;508(4):648–662. doi: 10.1002/cne.21685

TABLE 1.

Fos Expression (Mean/Section/Side) in Sleep-Wake and Supraspinal Analgesic Control Systems Following Administration of Anesthetics¹

	Cg	VLPO	BF	Orx	TMN	vPAG	LC	A5	A7	vLS	LHb	EW
Ketamine	72.3 ± 7.6^**	0^**	65.0 ± 5.2^##	68 ± 3.8^**^#	59.4 ± 5.0^#	25.2 ± 1.7	79.8 ± 5.6^**^##	7.2 ± 1.0^**^#	8.5 ± 2.8^*^#	23.5 ± 2.7	35.3 ± 4.1^**^##	44.8 ± 3.3^**^##
Muscimol	36.2 ± 3.7^**	8.3 ± 1.0^*^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	77.5 ± 6.9^**^##	6.9 ± 1.5^*^#	6.8 ± 1.1^*^#	50.6 ± 3.9^*^#	70.5 ± 3.3^**^##	48.6 ± 3.6^**^##
Ethanol	31.4 ± 4.1^**	7.8 ± 0.9^*^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	70.2 ± 6.1^**^##	5.6 ± 1.8^*^#	7.0 ± 1.3^*^#	61.2 ± 4.3^**^##	22.0 ± 1.7^**^##	56.0 ± 3.9^**^##
Pentobarbital	4.6 ± 2.6^##	11.2 ± 1.8^*^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	23.7 ± 0.8^**^##	0	0	32.7 ± 2.5^*^#	67.2 ± 5.5^**^##	22.0 ± 2.5^*^#
Chloral hydrate	16.7 ± 4.3^##	12.0 ± 2.1^*^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	63.2 ± 3.9^**^##	5.5 ± 1.6^*^#	6.5 ± 1.9^*^#	36.0 ± 4.1^*^#	8.7 ± 3.2^*^#	23.2 ± 3.8^*^#
Isoflurane	7.4 ± 2.5^##	10.6 ± 2.5^*^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	0^##	26.0 ± 1.9^**^##	0	0	0	0	21.2 ± 3.7^*^#
Sleeping control	6.2 ± 2.9	32.2 ± 2.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18.0 ± 1.5	0	11.0 ± 2.1
Waking control	63.4 ± 5.1	0	17.4 ± 0.9	43.7 ± 4.3	40.0 ± 3.5	23.7 ± 1.9	0	0	0	21.4 ± 2.1	0	13.5 ± 1.9

Cg, cingulate cortex; VLPO, ventral preoptic nucleus; BF, basal forebrain cholinergic cells; Orx, perifornical orexin cells; TMN, tuberomammillary nucleus; vlPAG, ventrolateral periaquductal gray dopamine cells; LC, locus coeruleus; A5 and A7, noradrenergic cell groups; LHb, lateral habenular nucleus; LS, ventral lateral septum; EW, Edinger-Westphal nucleus.

P < 0.05 (vs. sleep control).

^**

P < 0.01 (vs. sleep control).

P < 0.05 (vs. waking control).

^##

P < 0.01 (vs. waking control).