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. 2016 Jun 16;1(9):e85851. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.85851

Figure 5. Significantly elevated IL-6 levels were progressive and associated with heart failure in men.

Figure 5

(A) IL-6 levels in myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) males (n = 27) tended to be elevated compared to female myocarditis/DCM (n = 14) in the baseline blood sample. (B) IL-6 levels in myocarditis/DCM males (n = 18) tended to be elevated compared to female myocarditis/DCM (n = 10) in 6-month blood samples. (C) IL-6 levels in myocarditis/DCM males (n = 15) were significantly elevated compared to female myocarditis/DCM (n = 8) in 12-month blood samples. ANOVA, P = 0.0077. (D) IL-6 levels were elevated and highly significant in male NYHA class I–II heart failure (n = 10) compared to female NYHA class I–II heart failure (n = 6) in myocarditis/DCM in 12-month blood samples. ANOVA, P < 0.0001. Healthy controls: males (n = 19), females (n = 13). Cytokine analysis was performed in triplicate to determine the serum cytokine concentration.