Table 4. The list of calibrated parameters.

Parameter	Description (unit)	Range	Calibrated value
			TCW	GW
CN2 [24]	Curve number	-50–50%	-30%	0%
ESCO [24]	Soil evaporation compensation factor	0–1	1	0.95*
SURLAG [24]	Surface runoff lag coefficient	0.5–24	0.5	0.5
SOL_AWC [24]	Available water capacity of the soil layer (mm H2O·mm soil-1)	-50–50%	- 10%	- 1%
SOL_K [24]	Saturated hydraulic conductivity (mm·hr-1)	-50–50%	50%	-50%
SOL_Z [24]	Depth from soil surface to bottom of layer (mm)	-50–50%	-20%	-31%
ALPHA_BF [24]	Base flow recession constant (1·days-1)	0–1	0.07	0.051
GW_DELAY [24]	Groundwater delay time (days)	0–500	120	40
GW_REVAP [24]	Groundwater “revap” coefficient	0.02–0.2	0.10	0.02*
RCHRG_DP[24]	Deep aquifer percolation fraction	0–1	0.01	0.01*
GWQMN[24]	Threshold depth of water in the shallow aquifer required for return flow to occur (mm)	0–5000	1.9	1.0
CH_K2 [24]	Effective hydraulic conductivity (mm·hr-1)	0–150	0*	25
CH_N2 [24]	Manning coefficient	0.01–0.3	0.29	0.025
NPERCO [9]	Nitrogen percolation coefficient	0.01–1	0.5	0.15
N_UPDIS [9]	Nitrogen uptake distribution parameter	5–50	50	50
ANION_EXCL [9]	Fraction of porosity from which anions are excluded	0.1–0.7	0.59	0.6
ERORGN [9]	Organic N enrichment ratio for loading with sediment	0–5	4.92	4.1
BIOMIX [9]	Biological mixing efficiency	0.01–1	0.01	0.01
SOL_NO3 [25]	Initial NO3 concentration in soil layer (mg N·kg-1)	0–100	11.23	0
CDN [17]	Denitrification exponential rate coefficient	0–3.0	0.3	2.9
SDNCO [17]	Denitrification threshold water content	0.1–1.1	1.0	1.0
LAIMX1 [8,9]	Fraction of the maximum leaf area index corresponding to the first point on the leaf area development curve	-	0.01 (Wheat)
		-	0.02 (Barley)
		-	0.12 (Rye)
LAIMX2 [8,9]	Fraction of the maximum leaf area index corresponding to the second point	-	0.14 (Wheat)
		-	0.31 (Barley)
		-	0.35 (Rye)

Note:

*(an asterisk) refers to a default value.

The ranges of parameters were adapted from previous literature (the number within parentheses).