Table 2. Number of patients showing any impairment on neuropsychological assessments.
| Assessment | WNV n = 32 | WNND n = 17 | p<0.0019a |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Verbal Learning and Memory | |||
| HVLT-R Total Recall | 9 (28.1) | 6 (35.3) | 0.818 |
| HVLT-R Delayed Recall | 9 (28.1) | 4 (23.5) | 0.604 |
| HVLT-R Delayed Recognition | 8 (25.0) | 2 (11.8) | 0.315 |
| Visual Learning and Memory | |||
| BVMT-R Total Recall | 2 (6.3) | 3 (17.6) | 0.210 |
| BVMT-R Delayed Recall | 1 (3.1) | 4 (23.5) | 0.025 |
| BVMT-R Delayed Recognition | 5 (15.6) | 4 (23.5) | 0.496 |
| Executive Functioning | |||
| COWAT | 10 (31.3) | 5 (29.4) | 0.894 |
| Semantic Fluency | 4 (12.5) | 3 (17.6) | 0.624 |
| TOL—Rule Violation | 0 (0) | 2 (11.8) | 0.037 |
| TOL—Time violation | 7 (21.9) | 5 (29.4) | 0.601 |
| TOL—Execution time | 1 (3.1) | 4 (23.5) | 0.025 |
| TOL—Problem solving time | 4 (12.5) | 5 (29.4) | 0.146 |
| Information Processing Speed | |||
| SDMT | 2 (6.3) | 3 (17.6) | 0.210 |
| Attention | |||
| Stroop Interference | 2 (6.3) | 2 (11.8) | 0.502 |
| LNS | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | 0.166 |
| Digit Span | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | n/a |
| Visual-spatial Ability | |||
| JLO | 1 (3.1) | 1 (5.9) | 0.642 |
| Fine Motor Skills | |||
| Grooved—Dominant hand | 10 (31.3) | 7 (41.2) | 0.487 |
| Grooved—Non-dominant hand | 9 (28.1) | 6 (35.3) | 0.604 |
WNV: West Nile virus; WNND: West Nile Virus neuroinvasive disease; HVLT-R: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; BVMT-R: Brief Visuospatial Test-Revised; COWAT: Controlled Oral Word Association Test; TOL: Tower of London; SDMT: Symbol Digits Modalities Test (Oral Version); LNS: Letter-Number-Sequencing subtest; JLO: Judgment of Line Orientation test
aUnivariate analysis between WNV and WNND groups; Bonferroni-adjusted alpha for statistical significance is 0.0019