Table 2.
Patient demographics and characteristics at baseline.
| Euflexxa only | Synvisc only | Supartz/Hyalgan | Orthovisc only | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||
| Supartz/Hyalgan compared with Euflexxa | Supartz/Hyalgan compared with Synvisc | Supartz/Hyalgan compared with Orthovisc | |||||||||
| Total patients | 6,263 | 20,518 | 18,217 | 5,391 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Age (years) (n, %) | |||||||||||
| 18–44 | 658 | 10.5% | 1,725 | 8.4% | 1,645 | 9.0% | 569 | 10.6% | 0.0001* | 0.1353 | <0.0001* |
| 45–54 | 1,842 | 29.4% | 5,991 | 29.2% | 5,264 | 28.9% | 1,636 | 30.3% | |||
| 55–64 | 2,542 | 40.6% | 8,417 | 41.0% | 7,373 | 40.5% | 2,135 | 39.6% | |||
| 65+ | 1,221 | 19.5% | 4,385 | 21.4% | 3,935 | 21.6% | 1,051 | 19.5% | |||
| Mean | 57.0 | 57.7 | 57.7 | 56.8 | <0.0001* | 0.4798 | <0.0001* | ||||
| SD | 10.6 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 10.5 | |||||||
| Median | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 0.0002* | 0.8306 | <0.0001* | ||||
| First quartile | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | |||||||
| Third quartile | 62 | 63 | 63 | 62 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Gender (n, %) | |||||||||||
| Male | 2,463 | 39.3% | 8,450 | 41.2% | 7,314 | 40.1% | 2,194 | 40.7% | 0.2512 | 0.0387* | 0.4710 |
| Female | 3,800 | 60.7% | 12,068 | 58.8% | 10,903 | 59.9% | 3,197 | 59.3% | |||
|
| |||||||||||
| Plan type (n, %) | |||||||||||
| Consumer-directed healthcare product | 17 | 0.3% | 47 | 0.2% | 52 | 0.3% | 7 | 0.1% | <0.0001* | <0.0001* | <0.0001* |
| HealthMaintenance Organization (HMO) | 1,169 | 18.7% | 2,950 | 14.4% | 2,509 | 13.8% | 543 | 10.1% | |||
| Indemnity plan | 473 | 7.6% | 1,443 | 7.0% | 1,374 | 7.5% | 338 | 6.3% | |||
| Point of service (POS) | 331 | 5.3% | 1,111 | 5.4% | 754 | 4.1% | 267 | 5.0% | |||
| Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) | 4,182 | 66.8% | 14,728 | 71.8% | 13,372 | 73.4% | 4,197 | 77.9% | |||
| Unknown | 91 | 1.5% | 239 | 1.2% | 156 | 0.9% | 39 | 0.7% | |||
|
| |||||||||||
| Payer type (n, %) | |||||||||||
| Commercial plan | 3,830 | 61.2% | 11,470 | 55.9% | 10,425 | 57.2% | 3,041 | 56.4% | <0.0001* | 0.0002* | <0.0001* |
| Medicaid | 23 | 0.4% | 81 | 0.4% | 37 | 0.2% | 6 | 0.1% | |||
| Medicare risk | 107 | 1.7% | 476 | 2.3% | 348 | 1.9% | 79 | 1.5% | |||
| Medicare cost | 107 | 1.7% | 435 | 2.1% | 383 | 2.1% | 44 | 0.8% | |||
| Self-insured | 2,135 | 34.1% | 7,943 | 38.7% | 6,934 | 38.1% | 2,200 | 40.8% | |||
| Unknown | 61 | 1.0% | 113 | 0.6% | 90 | 0.5% | 21 | 0.4% | |||
|
| |||||||||||
| Physician specialty (n, %) | |||||||||||
| Orthopedic surgery | 3,084 | 49.2% | 9,660 | 47.1% | 8,430 | 46.3% | 2,957 | 54.9% | <0.0001* | <0.0001* | <0.0001* |
| GP/FP/IM | 395 | 6.3% | 1,528 | 7.4% | 1,678 | 9.2% | 251 | 4.7% | |||
| Orthopedics | 382 | 6.1% | 1,339 | 6.5% | 1,089 | 6.0% | 173 | 3.2% | |||
| Physical medicine and rehabilitation | 180 | 2.9% | 611 | 3.0% | 653 | 3.6% | 76 | 1.4% | |||
| Rheumatology | 183 | 2.9% | 393 | 1.9% | 284 | 1.6% | 108 | 2.0% | |||
| Other | 2,039 | 32.6% | 6,987 | 34.1% | 6,083 | 33.4% | 1,826 | 33.9% | |||
|
| |||||||||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Score (n, %) | |||||||||||
| 0 | 3,854 | 61.5% | 12,502 | 60.9% | 11,104 | 61.0% | 3,301 | 61.2% | 0.5022 | 0.9211 | 0.8228 |
| 1 | 1,259 | 20.1% | 4,066 | 19.8% | 3,585 | 19.7% | 1,067 | 19.8% | |||
| 2 | 685 | 10.9% | 2,323 | 11.3% | 2,086 | 11.5% | 609 | 11.3% | |||
| 3 | 255 | 4.1% | 884 | 4.3% | 805 | 4.4% | 243 | 4.5% | |||
| 4+ | 210 | 3.4% | 743 | 3.6% | 637 | 3.5% | 171 | 3.2% | |||
|
| |||||||||||
| Medications of interest (n, %) | |||||||||||
| Corticosteroids | 3,685 | 58.8% | 12,591 | 61.4% | 11,267 | 61.8% | 3,318 | 61.5% | <0.0001* | 0.3291 | 0.6887 |
| NSAIDS | 2,386 | 38.1% | 7,864 | 38.3% | 6,920 | 38.0% | 2,221 | 41.2% | 0.8768 | 0.4907 | <0.0001* |
| Cox-2 inhibitors | 461 | 7.4% | 1,792 | 8.7% | 1,611 | 8.8% | 517 | 9.6% | 0.0003* | 0.7037 | 0.0926 |
| Analgesics non-narcotic | 76 | 1.2% | 348 | 1.7% | 333 | 1.8% | 102 | 1.9% | 0.0011* | 0.3242 | 0.7586 |
| Opioids | 2,933 | 46.8% | 10,131 | 49.4% | 9,010 | 49.5% | 2,727 | 50.6% | 0.0003* | 0.8702 | 0.1467 |
| Anti-inflammatory analgesics (non-NSAID) | 15 | 0.2% | 56 | 0.3% | 45 | 0.2% | 23 | 0.4% | 0.9173 | 0.6177 | 0.0306* |
| H2 blocker | 150 | 2.4% | 567 | 2.8% | 491 | 2.7% | 134 | 2.5% | 0.1992 | 0.6813 | 0.3996 |
| PPI | 1,304 | 20.8% | 4,280 | 20.9% | 3,872 | 21.3% | 1,108 | 20.6% | 0.4679 | 0.3410 | 0.2670 |
|
| |||||||||||
| Preindex healthcare costs (US $) | 10,732.4 | 11,117.9 | 10,747.3 | 11,356.2 | 0.9552 | 0.0438* | 0.0264* | ||||
*
Statistically significant at alpha level of 0.05.