Figure 5.

The NOD2 receptor is involved in the generation of Th1 and Th17 cells in vivo. Cells from the PLNs (A, B, C, D, G, and I) or pancreas (F) of WT, Rip2^−/−, or NOD2^−/− mice were harvested 15 d after vehicle or STZ administration. The frequency (A and G) and absolute numbers (B–D, F, G, and I) of CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ (Th1), CD8⁺IFN-γ⁺ (Tc1), CD4⁺IL-17⁺(Th17), CD8⁺IL-17⁺(Tc17), and CD4⁺Foxp3⁺(T reg) cells and the Foxp3/RORγt cell ratio were assessed by flow cytometry. The gate was set on CD3⁺ T cells. Alternatively, the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 (E), IL-10 alone (H), or the IL-10/IL-17 ratio (J) was measured in the pancreatic tissue by ELISA 15 d after the STZ injections. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 4–6 mice per group). *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001.