Table 2.
Feeding Practices and Knowledge | Group (n=456) | p-value | Odds Ratio or Mean Differencea | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n=235) | Intervention (n=221) | ||||
Breastfeeding (BM) in newborn period | |||||
Ever breastfed in the hospital | 95.3 % | 95.9 % | .82 | 1.16a | .47 – 2.85 |
Exclusive BM in the hospital | 31.1 % | 37.1 % | .20 | 1.31a | .89 – 1.93 |
Exclusive BM leaving the hospital | 37.9 % | 45.7 % | .11 | 1.38a | .95 – 2.01 |
Breastfeeding at 3 months old | |||||
Any BM at 3 months | 80.4% | 83.3% | .47 | 1.21 | .75 – 1.95 |
Exclusive BM at 3 months | 23.4 % | 33.0 % | .03 | 1.61a | 1.07 – 2.44 |
100% BM on 24-hour diet recallb | 33.0 % | 42.7 % | .04 | 1.51a | 1.03 – 2.21 |
Breastfeeding intensity continuous score (Mean (SD))b,c | 59.7 (39.7) | 67.7 (39.3) | .03 | −8.0b | −15.3 – −0.75 |
Breastfeeding intensity categoriesb,c | .006 | ||||
Low intensity (< 20% BM) | 23.9% | 20.5% | .63a | .39 – 1.02 | |
Medium intensity (20–80% BM) | 34.6% | 23.6% | .51a | .33 – .78 | |
High intensity (> 80% BM) | 41.5% | 55.9% | REF | ||
Ever gave BM and formula at the same feeding | 31.1 % | 22.4 % | .15 | .64a | .36 – 1.15 |
BM and formula at same feed per day (Mean (SD))b | 4.3 (14.1) | 2.0 (7.2) | .03 | 2.30b | .22 – 4.38 |
Other feeding at 3 months old | |||||
Introduced tea, water, juice or cereal in the bottle | 16.7 % | 6.3 % | .001 | .34a | .18 – .64 |
Maternal infant feeding knowledged | |||||
Total knowledge scoree (Mean (SD)) | 9.8 (1.90) | 10.3 (1.56) | .002 | .51 | .19 to .83 |
1. Infant formula is as good as breast milkf | 69.5% | 63.3% | .17 | .76 | .51 – 1.12 |
2. If a baby is breastfed, he or she will be less likely to get ear infections | 86.3% | 90.5% | .19 | 1.52 | .85 – 2.72 |
3. If a baby is breastfed, he or she will be less likely to get to get a cough or a cold | 88.8% | 93.2% | .14 | 1.73 | .89 – 3.35 |
4. If a baby is breastfed, he or she will be less likely to get diarrhea | 81.1% | 89.1% | .02 | 1.91 | 1.12 – 3.27 |
5. If a baby is breastfed, he or she will be less likely to become overweight | 85.4% | 90.5% | .11 | 1.63 | .91 – 2.90 |
6. Babies should be fed only breast milk for the first 6 months | 91.0% | 92.3% | .74 | 1.19 | .61 – 2.32 |
7. Formula is easier to digest than breast milkf | 87.6% | 91.4% | .22 | 1.51 | .82 – 2.78 |
8. Breastfeeding helps mothers lose weight fasterg | 82.7% | 93.6% | <.001 | 3.08 | 1.63 – 5.84 |
9. Most women make enough breast milk for their babies to grow healthy | 84.5% | 89.6% | .13 | 1.57 | .90 – 2.75 |
10. Feeding both breast milk and formula at the same feeding may cause you to feed your baby too muchh | 67.2% | 78.7% | .006 | 1.80 | 1.18 – 2.75 |
11. Feeding both breast milk and formula increases the amount of your breast milkf | 77.7% | 72.4% | .23 | .75 | .49 – 1.16 |
12. You should not add anything to a bottle besides breast milk or formula | 81.1% | 89.1% | .02 | 1.91 | 1.12 – 3.27 |
Odds ratio presented for categorical variables and mean difference presented for continuous variables.
n=454 (control n=234, intervention n=220)
Breastfeeding intensity is defined as the percentage of all feedings in the past 24 hours that were breast milk using the 24 hour recall.
Percentages reflect the percentage of mothers in the control and intervention groups who responded correctly to each of the individual statements.
n=450 (control n=230; intervention n=220).
Statements in which the correct response was ‘false’.
n=451 (control n=231; intervention n=218).
n=453 (control n=232; intervention n=219).