Table 5.

Adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs)^* comparing adverse perinatal outcomes among women with obesity & women with morbid obesity, compared to women with no obesity (normal & overweight), stratified by maternal race/ethnicity

		White	Black	Hispanic	Asian-American
GDM	Women with obesity	3.07 (2.88 - 3.26)	2.65 (2.27 - 3.10)	2.42 (2.33 - 2.51)	2.30 (2.06 - 2.58)
	Women with morbid obesity	5.72 (5.16 - 6.33)	4.52 (3.66 - 5.59)	4.17 (3.88 - 4.48)	2.48 (1.66 - 3.70)
Preeclampsia	Women with obesity	2.31 (2.12 - 2.52)	1.80 (1.53 - 2.12)	1.75 (1.65 - 1.86)	3.85 (3.16 - 4.69)
	Women with morbid obesity	3.97 (3.43 - 4.61)	2.48 (1.94 - 3.18)	2.82 (2.51 - 3.17)	3.67 (1.78 - 7.56)
Primary CD	Women with obesity	2.05 (1.96 - 2.15)	1.76 (1.60 - 1.94)	1.76 (1.70 - 1.82)	1.93 (1.71 - 2.19)
	Women with morbid obesity	3.04 (2.76 - 3.35)	2.36 (2.00 - 2.80)	2.95 (2.73 - 3.18)	2.92 (1.86 - 4.58)
PTB	Women with obesity	1.19 (1.12 - 1.26)	0.89 (0.80 - 1.00)	1.03 (0.99 - 1.07)	1.30 (1.12 - 1.51)
	Women with morbid obesity	1.22 (1.07 - 1.39)	0.96 (0.79 - 1.18)	1.18 (1.08 - 1.29)	1.36 (0.81 - 2.30)
Macrosomia	Women with obesity	1.64 (1.57 - 1.72)	1.61 (1.40 - 1.86)	1.77 (1.71 - 1.84)	2.57 (2.22 - 2.97)
	Women with morbid obesity	2.16 (1.97 - 2.37)	1.74 (1.37 - 2.20)	2.40 (2.23 - 2.58)	7.14 (4.93 - 10.36)
LBW	Women with obesity	1.13 (1.03 - 1.23)	0.95 (0.83 - 1.08)	1.02 (0.97 - 1.08)	1.15 (0.95 - 1.40)
	Women with morbid obesity	1.24 (1.04 - 1.49)	0.97 (0.77 - 1.22)	0.91 (0.78 - 1.05)	1.43 (0.75 - 2.74)

Results in bold indicate statistical significance (P<0.05)

^*models controlled for advanced maternal age, maternal education (≥12 years versus <12), parity (nulliparous versus parous), public insurance status, and prenatal care initiation in 1^st trimester.

GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; CD, Cesarean delivery; PTB, preterm birth; LBW, low birth weight