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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 17.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2016 Jul 17;30(11):1795–1806. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001112

Table 2.

Numbers of cancer cases, IRs (per 100,000 person-years) and IRRs with 95% CI by calendar period, and p-values for period trend, for cancer groups and specific cancer types

Cancer group/
type		 HIV 1997–2000 2001–2004 2005–2008 2009–2012 IR
p-trend		 IRR
p-trend
# ca IR IRR 95% CI # ca IR IRR 95% CI # ca IR IRR 95% CI # ca IR IRR 95% CI
All cancer
  Groupeda + 561 1,354 2.0 1.7–2.4 855 1,274 1.8 1.7–2.0 1,061 1,177 1.7 1.5–1.8 1,042 1,013 1.6 1.5–1.7 <0.0001 <0.0001
− 516 664 1,137 692 1,827 712 1,954 636 0.074
ADC
  Groupeda + 174 288 19 11–35 183 210 16 10–25 177 188 8.8 6.1–13 117 129 5.5 3.7–8.4 <0.0001 <0.0001
− 14 15 24 13 56 21 71 23 0.014
  Non-Hodgkin
lymphoma		 + 94 173 12 5.8–24 113 134 10 6.1–17 105 110 5.1 3.4–7.7 77 82 3.6 2.3–5.5 <0.0001 <0.0001
− 14 15 24 13 56 21 70 23 0.021
  Kaposi
sarcoma		 + 82 117 - 72 78 - 74 79 - 40 47 - <0.0001 ‡c
− 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ‡
NADC
  Groupeda + 380 1,039 1.6 1.4–1.9 671 1,050 1.6 1.4–1.7 885 979 1.4 1.3–1.6 929 878 1.4 1.3–1.6 0.0003 0.078
− 494 639 1,107 675 1,755 684 1,867 607 0.028
Virus-NADC
  Groupeda + 92 212 4.9 2.9–8.4 142 193 4.1 2.9–5.7 211 222 3.7 2.9–4.8 227 219 3.5 2.7–4.5 0.43 0.071
− 36 43 89 48 162 60 202 62 0.0082
  HPV-related
oral cavity and
pharynx SCC		 + 7 18 0.61 0.24–1.5 17 26 1.3 0.67–2.4 21 21 1.2 0.69–2.0 29 27 1.7 1.0–2.9 0.43 0.048
− 22 29 37 20 49 18 49 16 0.023
  Anal SCC + 29 67 94 12–717 60 73 26 10–66 69 72 33 14–77 76 76 77 28–218 0.61 0.16
− 1 1 5 3 6 2 4 1 0.61
  Liver HCC + 26 63 9.8 2.9–33 43 64 3.3 1.8–5.9 91 95 2.7 1.9–3.9 101 87 2.1 1.5–2.8 0.043 0.0002
− 8 6 36 19 96 35 142 42 <0.0001
  Penis SCCb + 3 7 3.3 0.20–54 3 5 4.9 0.42–57 5 5 4.1 0.73–23 3 3 5.8 0.46–73 0.22 ‡
− 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 0 ‡
  Hodgkin
lymphoma		 + 27 55 12 2.9–51 22 28 6.5 2.4–18 27 29 8.7 3.4–23 23 29 9.3 3.1–28 0.047 0.79
− 4 5 9 4 8 3 6 3 0.46
Non-virus-NADC
  Groupeda + 290 825 1.4 1.1–1.6 538 862 1.4 1.2–1.5 692 767 1.2 1.1–1.4 721 661 1.2 1.1–1.3 <0.0001 0.049
− 465 605 1,031 633 1,603 625 1,688 548 0.0011
  Non-lung,
non-virus
NADC,
groupeda 		+ 199 586 1.2 0.99–1.5 387 617 1.2 1.0–1.4 515 570 1.1 1.0–1.2 535 488 1.1 0.97–1.2 0.0011 0.12
− 368 479 843 515 1,315 511 1,384 452 0.022
  Non-HPV-
related oral
cavity and
pharynx SCC		 + 15 40 1.4 0.65–3.2 27 34 1.3 0.75–2.1 32 33 1.8 1.1–2.9 26 24 1.4 0.80–2.3 0.10 0.86
− 26 28 49 27 50 19 53 18 0.013
  Oral cavity and
pharynx non-
SCC		 + 1 1 0.58 .069–4.9 1 1 0.18 .035–0.97 3 3 0.90 0.25–3.2 2 2 0.74 0.17–3.2 ‡ ‡
− 3 2 8 5 9 3 8 3 0.67
  Esophagus + 3 13 0.75 0.20–2.7 10 14 0.86 0.40–1.8 14 15 0.92 0.51–1.7 15 12 0.81 0.46–1.4 0.71 1.00
− 11 17 29 17 46 17 47 15 0.52
  Stomach + 4 17 3.0 0.36–24 7 10 0.96 0.38–2.4 9 10 0.79 0.39–1.6 14 11 1.1 0.58–2.3 0.73 0.51
− 7 6 18 11 33 13 30 10 0.36
  Small Intestine + 1 8 4.8 .095–239 0 0 0 – 0 0 0 – 4 4 2.3 0.42–13 ‡ ‡
− 2 2 7 4 8 3 6 2 0.58
  Colorectal + 17 44 0.95 0.47–1.9 41 63 1.2 0.81–1.8 57 62 1.1 0.79–1.5 39 36 0.94 0.65–1.4 0.15 0.63
− 36 46 91 52 154 57 122 38 0.079
  Liver non-HCC + 4 12 4.0 0.48–34 1 2 0.67 .098–4.6 5 6 3.9 0.73–21 4 4 3.4 0.56–21 0.24 0.81
− 2 3 5 3 4 1 3 1 0.14
  Biliary tract + 0 0 0 – 2 2 1.5 0.22–11 5 5 3.5 0.69–18 4 4 0.93 0.31–2.8 ‡ ‡
− 1 1 3 1 4 2 14 4 0.0068
  Pancreas + 4 10 1.5 0.32–7.3 6 8 0.77 0.31–1.9 18 19 1.3 0.70–2.3 24 21 1.3 0.75–2.2 0.031 0.71
- 8 7 19 11 42 15 54 16 0.0069
  Nasal cavity,
middle ear,
and sinus		 + 5 7 - – 1 1 0.56 .080–4.0 2 2 2.0 0.25–16 4 3 9.8 0.76–127 0.29 ‡
− 0 0 4 2 3 1 1 0 ‡
  Larynx + 15 35 1.4 0.61–3.0 24 39 1.7 0.95–3.2 23 25 1.3 0.74–2.1 18 14 1.3 0.71–2.5 0.0013 0.68
− 20 26 43 22 53 20 37 11 0.0002
  Lung and
bronchus		 + 92 240 1.9 1.3–2.7 155 246 2.0 1.5–2.5 190 202 1.7 1.4–2.0 200 175 1.8 1.5–2.2 0.0008 0.52
− 100 129 205 125 324 122 333 98 0.0017
  Soft tissue + 2 7 2.6 0.21–31 6 7 7.9 1.1–55 5 5 2.2 0.57–8.8 5 5 1.3 0.38–4.3 0.66 0.15
− 4 3 2 1 7 2 11 4 0.12
  Melanoma
skin		 + 9 15 1.3 0.43–3.7 16 20 2.9 1.2–7.0 22 23 2.1 1.1–3.9 12 11 0.97 0.49–1.9 0.41 0.28
− 10 12 13 7 30 11 35 11 0.54
  Male breastb + 2 9 3.5 0.23–54 1 1 0.50 .071–3.5 0 0 0 – 1 1 0.45 .072–2.8 ‡ ‡
− 1 2 4 2 3 1 5 1 0.42
  Female breastb + 0 0 0 – 3 326 2.6 0.30–23 3 105 0.86 0.24–3.2 2 78 0.86 0.19–3.8 ‡ ‡
− 2 264 4 125 8 121 8 91 0.24
  Prostateb + 55 206 0.91 0.65–1.3 142 265 1.1 0.87–1.3 204 233 0.93 0.80–1.1 263 232 1.0 0.89–1.2 0.89 0.77
− 146 227 374 247 635 250 715 226 0.37
  Testisb + 0 0 0 – 3 3 1.3 0.29–5.9 3 4 1.2 0.28–5.0 2 2 1.8 0.21–16 ‡ ‡
− 3 1 5 2 6 3 2 1 0.71
  Bladder + 7 17 0.49 0.21–1.1 17 27 1.4 0.70–2.6 13 13 1.0 0.53–1.9 25 22 1.6 0.90–2.8 0.92 0.040
− 28 34 30 20 36 13 49 14 0.0003
  Kidney + 12 32 2.3 0.79–6.5 22 31 1.2 0.67–2.0 31 31 0.89 0.60–1.3 31 30 0.94 0.62–1.4 0.84 0.075
− 18 14 48 27 94 35 92 32 0.0028
  Brain and
nervous
system		 + 4 6 2.0 0.38–11 0 0 0 – 4 4 1.0 0.31–3.2 1 1 0.39 .077–2.0 ‡ ‡
− 3 3 8 5 10 4 8 2 0.36
  Thyroid + 1 1 0.31 .029–3.4 3 4 0.68 0.20–2.3 5 5 0.56 0.24–1.3 7 8 0.71 0.32–1.6 0.013 0.65
− 3 3 12 6 22 9 27 12 0.0032
  Other
lymphatic and
hematopoietic
tissue		 + 4 8 2.2 0.28–17 9 15 2.3 0.73–7.3 14 15 1.9 0.87–4.3 7 8 1.2 0.47–3.1 0.73 0.28
− 4 4 11 6 18 8 23 7 0.46
  Myeloma + 8 20 2.5 0.67–9.6 5 8 0.71 0.26–1.9 11 12 1.0 0.52–2.1 8 7 0.73 0.34–1.6 0.074 0.12
− 8 8 18 12 30 11 27 10 0.96
  Leukemia + 9 28 2.1 0.65–6.9 10 16 1.0 0.48–2.3 17 18 1.5 0.79–2.9 14 14 1.8 0.80–4.0 0.18 0.85
− 11 13 25 15 31 12 21 8 0.037
  Other + 15 39 1.7 0.76–4.0 24 32 2.4 1.2–4.7 26 27 2.6 1.4–4.9 15 13 1.2 0.59–2.3 0.0010 0.40
− 17 23 27 13 29 11 32 11 0.032
Poorly specified
  Groupeda + 11 31 3.0 0.83–11 15 20 3.2 1.3–8.4 13 14 1.7 0.78–3.6 9 8 1.0 0.48–2.3 0.0009 0.020
− 8 10 11 6 22 8 28 8 0.82

ADC, AIDS-defining cancer; ca, cancer; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IR, standardized incidence rate; IRR, standardized incidence rate ratio; KS, Kaposi sarcoma; NADC, non-AIDS-defining cancer; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Non-virus-NADC, non-virus-related non-AIDS defining cancer; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; Virus-NADC, virus-related non-AIDS defining cancer; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.

a

For cancer group analyses, the endpoint for a given subject was the first diagnosis of a cancer type classified in the group.

b

We used sex-specific weights to calculate penis SCC and male breast, female breast, prostate, and testicular cancer IRs.

c ‡

denotes cancer types with less than 12 cases in HIV+ or uninfected over the entire study period (p-trend not calculated).The following cancer types had less than 12 HIV+ cases and less than 12 uninfected cases over the entire study period and were not included in the table: invasive cervical (1 HIV+, 1 uninfected); vulva SCC (1 HIV+); anal non-SCC (4 HIV+, 3 uninfected); retroperitoneum and peritoneum, non-mesothelioma (1 HIV+, 3 uninfected); other digestive organ (3 HIV+, 1 uninfected); pleura, non-mesothelioma (1 HIV+, 0 uninfected); trachea, mediastinum, and other respiratory organ (0 HIV+, 1 uninfected); bone and joint (1 HIV+, 1 uninfected); non-epithelial skin (11 HIV+, 7 uninfected); uterus or corpus (0 HIV+, 3 uninfected); ovary (0 HIV+, 2 uninfected); other male genital organ (3 HIV+, 1 uninfected); other urinary organ (5 HIV+, 9 uninfected); eye and orbit (3 HIV+, 4 uninfected); other endocrine organ including thymus (1 HIV+, 7 uninfected); and mesothelioma (4 HIV+, 7 uninfected). The following cancer types had no HIV+ cases and no uninfected cases: vagina SCC; vagina non-SCC; vulva non-SCC; other female genital organ; and penis non-SCC.