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(A) Illustration of heat-stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. MAPK, Mitogen activated protein kinases; ROS, reactive oxygen species; HAMK, heat shock activate kinases; HSE, heat shock element; HSPs, heat shock proteins; CAPK, calcium dependent protein kinase; HSK, histidine kinase (Partly adapted form Wahid et al., 2007). (B) Schematic representation of heat induced signal trans duct ion and development of heat tolerance in plants (Partly adapted from Hasanuzzaman et al., 2013a).
