Table 4.
The associations of selected phospholipids/metabolites with scores in the MMSE and 12 neuropsychological tests across the 441 participants in ARIC-NCS, 2011–2013
| Neuropsychological tests | PC aa C36:6 |
PC aa C38:0 |
PC aa C38:6 |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | β∗ | 95% CI | P value | n | β∗ | 95% CI | P value | n | β∗ | 95% CI | P value | ||||
| Mini-mental state examination | 388 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.16 | .22 | 388 | 0.04 | −0.06 | 0.13 | .41 | 388 | 0.07 | −0.03 | 0.16 | .16 |
| Cognitive function domain | |||||||||||||||
| Memory | |||||||||||||||
| Delayed word recall | 415 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.23 | .03 | 415 | 0.09 | −0.01 | 0.19 | .09 | 415 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0.14 | .36 |
| Logical Memory Test part A | 395 | 0.08 | −0.04 | 0.19 | .18 | 395 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.25 | .01 | 395 | 0.10 | 0.0002 | 0.21 | .05 |
| Logical Memory Test part B | 385 | 0.04 | −0.08 | 0.16 | .53 | 385 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.25 | .01 | 385 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.17 | 0.23 |
| Incidental learning | 378 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.35 | .0002 | 378 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.35 | <.0001 | 378 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.30 | .001 |
| Language | |||||||||||||||
| Animal naming | 425 | 0.09 | −0.01 | 0.20 | .09 | 425 | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.12 | .70 | 425 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.11 | .82 |
| Boston Naming Test | 407 | 0.07 | −0.02 | 0.16 | .14 | 407 | 0.05 | −0.03 | 0.14 | .20 | 407 | 0.02 | −0.06 | 0.10 | .63 |
| Word fluency | 407 | 0.09 | −0.02 | 0.20 | .10 | 407 | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.12 | .66 | 407 | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.13 | .49 |
| Visuospatial | |||||||||||||||
| Clock time perception | 405 | 0.10 | −0.02 | 0.22 | .10 | 405 | 0.07 | −0.04 | 0.18 | .22 | 405 | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0.16 | .39 |
| Attention | |||||||||||||||
| Trail making test part A | 379 | 0.07 | −0.03 | 0.18 | .16 | 379 | 0.01 | −0.09 | 0.10 | .89 | 379 | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.11 | .74 |
| Digit span backward | 402 | 0.02 | −0.09 | 0.13 | .75 | 402 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.22 | .03 | 402 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.16 | .24 |
| Executive function | |||||||||||||||
| Digit symbol substitution | 389 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.21 | .03 | 389 | −0.005 | −0.10 | 0.09 | .92 | 389 | 0.0001 | −0.09 | 0.09 | .99 |
| Trail making test part B | 321 | 0.08 | −0.05 | 0.20 | .25 | 321 | 0.11 | −0.01 | 0.22 | .08 | 321 | 0.07 | −0.05 | 0.18 | .24 |
| PC aa C40:1 |
PC aa C40:2 |
PC aa C40:6 |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropsychological tests | n | β† | 95% CI | P value | n | β∗ | 95% CI | P value | n | β∗ | 95% CI | P value | |||
| Mini-mental state examination | 388 | 0.01 | −0.11 | 0.13 | .85 | 388 | −0.06 | −0.16 | 0.03 | .18 | 388 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.19 | .04 |
| Cognitive function domain | |||||||||||||||
| Memory | |||||||||||||||
| Delayed word recall | 415 | 0.11 | −0.02 | 0.24 | .10 | 415 | 0.08 | −0.03 | 0.18 | .15 | 415 | 0.08 | −0.02 | 0.18 | .11 |
| Logical Memory Test part A | 395 | 0.09 | −0.04 | 0.23 | .18 | 395 | 0.04 | −0.07 | 0.15 | .49 | 395 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.22 | .03 |
| Logical Memory Test part B | 385 | 0.05 | −0.09 | 0.18 | .51 | 385 | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0.16 | .37 | 385 | 0.09 | −0.02 | 0.20 | .10 |
| Incidental learning | 378 | 0.12 | −0.03 | 0.27 | .11 | 378 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.23 | .04 | 378 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.31 | .001 |
| Language | |||||||||||||||
| Animal naming | 425 | 0.01 | −0.12 | 0.13 | .91 | 425 | 0.004 | −0.10 | 0.11 | .93 | 425 | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.13 | .49 |
| Boston Naming Test | 407 | −0.03 | −0.13 | 0.08 | .59 | 407 | −0.03 | −0.12 | 0.05 | .43 | 407 | 0.04 | −0.04 | 0.12 | .36 |
| Word fluency | 407 | −0.02 | −0.15 | 0.11 | .77 | 407 | 0.04 | −0.07 | 0.14 | .50 | 407 | 0.03 | −0.07 | 0.13 | .51 |
| Visuospatial | |||||||||||||||
| Clock time perception | 405 | 0.06 | −0.09 | 0.20 | .44 | 405 | −0.03 | −0.15 | 0.08 | .55 | 405 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.17 | .24 |
| Attention | |||||||||||||||
| Trail making test part A | 379 | −0.03 | −0.14 | 0.09 | .67 | 379 | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.11 | .76 | 379 | 0.02 | −0.07 | 0.12 | .62 |
| Digit span backward | 402 | 0.07 | −0.06 | 0.20 | .28 | 402 | 0.08 | −0.03 | 0.18 | .15 | 402 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0.15 | .31 |
| Executive function | |||||||||||||||
| Digit symbol substitution | 389 | 0.001 | −0.12 | 0.12 | .98 | 389 | −0.02 | −0.11 | 0.08 | .72 | 389 | −0.01 | −0.10 | 0.09 | .88 |
| Trail making test part B | 321 | 0.03 | −0.12 | 0.18 | .66 | 321 | −0.04 | −0.16 | 0.08 | .49 | 321 | 0.06 | −0.05 | 0.18 | .28 |
| PC ae C40:6 |
Lyso PC a C18:2 |
Propionyl-L-carnitine (C3) |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropsychological tests | n | β∗ | 95% CI | P value | n | β∗ | 95% CI | P value | n | β∗ | 95% CI | P value | |||
| Mini-mental state examination | 388 | 0.05 | −0.04 | 0.15 | .29 | 388 | −0.10 | −0.19 | −0.01 | .03 | 388 | 0.05 | −0.04 | 0.13 | .29 |
| Cognitive function domain | |||||||||||||||
| Memory | |||||||||||||||
| Delayed word recall | 415 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.16 | .27 | 415 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.11 | .77 | 414 | 0.03 | −0.07 | 0.12 | .59 |
| Logical Memory Test part A | 395 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.23 | .04 | 395 | −0.09 | −0.19 | 0.02 | .10 | 394 | 0.04 | −0.07 | 0.14 | .50 |
| Logical Memory Test part B | 385 | 0.11 | 0.003 | 0.23 | .04 | 385 | −0.03 | −0.14 | 0.07 | .55 | 384 | 0.04 | −0.06 | 0.15 | .44 |
| Incidental learning | 378 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.30 | .002 | 378 | −0.02 | −0.13 | 0.08 | .66 | 378 | −0.01 | −0.12 | 0.10 | .86 |
| Language | |||||||||||||||
| Animal naming | 425 | 0.04 | −0.06 | 0.14 | .42 | 425 | −0.10 | −0.19 | −0.01 | .04 | 424 | −0.04 | −0.13 | 0.05 | .42 |
| Boston Naming Test | 407 | 0.05 | −0.03 | 0.14 | .24 | 407 | −0.03 | −0.11 | 0.05 | .49 | 406 | 0.03 | −0.05 | 0.11 | .42 |
| Word fluency | 407 | 0.04 | −0.07 | 0.14 | .50 | 407 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.11 | .80 | 406 | −0.003 | −0.10 | 0.09 | .95 |
| Visuospatial | |||||||||||||||
| Clock time perception | 405 | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0.16 | .40 | 405 | −0.08 | −0.18 | 0.03 | .16 | 404 | 0.004 | −0.10 | 0.11 | .94 |
| Attention | |||||||||||||||
| Trail making test part A | 379 | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.12 | .69 | 379 | −0.01 | −0.10 | 0.08 | .82 | 379 | −0.04 | −0.13 | 0.05 | .35 |
| Digit span backwards | 402 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.24 | .01 | 402 | −0.003 | −0.10 | 0.10 | .95 | 401 | −0.01 | −0.11 | 0.09 | .79 |
| Executive function | |||||||||||||||
| Digit symbol substitution | 389 | 0.02 | −0.07 | 0.12 | .63 | 389 | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.12 | .51 | 389 | −0.09 | −0.18 | −0.003 | .04 |
| Trail making test part B | 321 | 0.11 | −0.01 | 0.24 | .06 | 321 | −0.01 | −0.13 | 0.10 | .84 | 321 | −0.06 | −0.18 | 0.05 | .28 |
NOTE. Linear regression adjusted for age, race, sex, APOE, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, drinking status, educational level, HDL cholesterol, smoking status, sports index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, use of antihypertensive medications, and prevalent coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke at baseline.
∗
β per 1-SD change in the log(phospholipid).
†
β for phospholipid as a three-group ordinal variable (below LOD, ≥LOD− < Median, ≥Median).