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.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
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connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Risk factors.
| Perioperative anemia | Perioperative hypotension | Rise in central venus pressure | Head below heart level | Rise in CSF pressure |
| Blood loss >1 l | Surgical time >6 h | Smoker | Diabetes mellitus | Periorbital edema |
| Hypertension | Morbid obesity | Age >50 and women | Hemodilution | Vasopressors |
