Table 1.
Outline of published literature on prostatic abscess cases due to mTB.
| Year | Country | Immune status | Number of patients/Organs affected | Symptoms | Imaging | Treatment | Follow up | Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | United States | AIDS | 1 case prostatic, pulmonary and nodal TB | Cough, dyspnea | US showed a prostatic lesion | Transrectal puncture and TB therapy | None described | [24] |
| 1994 | United States | AIDS (All had CD4 count <200 cells/μl) | 7 cases/unknown | Fever, irritative voiding symptoms | TRUS | Variable-surgical approach and anti-tuberculosis therapy | Not provided | [29] |
| 1995 | Spain | AIDS | prostatic abscess, disseminated TB | unknown | TRUS | Drainage and anti-tuberculosis therapy | Recovered | [8] |
| 1996 | India | AIDS | 2 patients; 1 with vague urinary symptoms | post-mortem | prostatic abscesses | not applicable | not applicable | [18] |
| 1996 | United States | AIDS | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided | [30] |
| 1997 | United States | BCG therapy | prostatic abscess, disseminated TB | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided | [10] |
| 2000 | Australia | HIV (Previous history of pulmonary TB) (CD4 count-101 cells/μl) |
prostate | fever, dysuria, perineal pain, diarrhea | 3 cm prostatic abscess | RIPE (antiretroviral were stopped due to interactions with cytochrome p450 system | resistant to rifampin; developed a rectoprostatic fistula; treatment continued with other drugs | [5] |
| 2001 | Pakistan | Immuno-competent | 2 cases of isolated Prostatic TB | acute urinary retention | At cystoscopy, prostate was enlarged | RIPE for 9 months | Recovered | [26] |
| 2002 | United States | Known HIV (CD4 count-40 cells/μl) | prostatic TB | fever, night sweats, chills, dysuria | CT showed hypodense areas in bilateral kidneys, multiple 1- 1.5 cm intraprostatic collections with enhancing rims; enlarged prostate (5 cm) | Transurethral prostatectomy was done; RIPE and HAART | none | [11] |
| 2003 | India | Immuno-competent | prostate | urinary retention | heterogenous parenchymal echotexture along with multiple irregular cavitations in the prostate | drugs and prostatectomy | none | [3] |
| 2005 | United States | BCG therapy | 1 case prostatic abscess | perineal pain, dysuria, tenesmus, strangury | Digital rectal examination aroused suspicion of prostate infection | transurethral prostatic resection produced white copius secretions; RIPE therapy | Recovered | [2] |
| 2006 | India | Immuno-competent | prostatic | pyrexia of unknown origin | CT showed prostatic abscess; 1.9 cm on TRUS | TRUS guided drainage; TB drugs started; one month later still fevers; prostate enlarged and extraprostatic extension; now drained | Recovered | [17] |
| 2008 | Spain | Immuno-competent | prostatic abscess | fever, fatigue, weight loss | infection in the right lobe of the prostate | RIP for two months and IR for next 10 months | normal | [27] |
| 2009 | India | Immuno-compromised (alcoholism) | cutaneous, lung and prostate | painful non healing ulcers of lower lip and scrotum, cough low grade fever, anorexia, dysuria | Not provided | RIPE | skin lesions improved in 2 weeks; no additional follow up | [23] |
| 2010 | Malaysia | HIV (CD4 count-91cells/μl) |
prostatic abscess | poor urinary flow, frequency, urgency | Transrectal US showed irregular cystic lesion (4.5 cm) | RIPE | lost to follow up | [19] |
| 2010 | India | Immuno-competent | prostatic abscess | fever, urinary frequency, dysuria, perineal pain | MRI showed a prostatic abscess (7.7 cm) | drainage and 6 months RIPE | doing well in 15 year follow up | [25] |
| 2012 | Korea | status post-BCG therapy | prostate | urinary frequency, dysuria, perineal discomfort | Oval shaped low density lesion | drainage and RIPE | no abscess after 12 months | [7] |
| 2012 | Portugal | Known history of HIV (unknown CD4 count) | disseminated TB- CNS, spleen, kidney and prostate | fever, asthenia, weight loss | CT showed splenomegaly with multiple nodules and renal and prostate bacesses (heterogeneous areas with areas that were hypodense); Brain CT showed multiple suspicious hypodensities; leptomeningeal involvement | HRZE therapy and systemic corticotherapy; intrathecal corticotherapy; second line drugs later used (levofloxacin, amycacin, cycloserin) | patient died 10 months into therapy and continued to have neurologic degradation | [1] |
| 2014 | Germs (United States) | Immune-competent- vague long standing urinary symptoms | disseminated- prostatic, peritoneal, pulm and likely renal TB | 2 weeks of progressively worsening abdominal pain, distension, fever, dysuria, dyschezia, weight loss | CT revealed ascites, diffuse peritonitis, multiple prostatic masses (largest 3.5 cm) and focal pyelo in left kidney | transurethral aspiration- RIPE; side effect so discontinued pyrazinaminde. And completed 9 months of therapy | clinical well in 4 year f/u | [15] |
| 2015 | BMJ | Immune-compromised (alcoholism) | prostate | fever, weight loss, sweats, abdominal pain | CT showed prostatic abscesses and necrotic celiac, aortic, hepatic and thoracic adenopathy | RIPE (12 months) | Cured | [4] |
| 2015 | United States | AIDS (CD4 count-8 cells/μl) | prostatic abscess, chest, brain | high fever, urinary retention, hypogastralgia | 5.2 cm abscess in prostate | drainage and RIPE | Recovered | [21] |