Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants and Comparisons Among Groups
| Characteristics | TCA | AA | UC | Total | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n | 14 | 15 | 14 | 43 | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 37 (9.4) | 35 (8.0) | 30 (8.2) | 34 (8.8) | |
| Gender, n (%) | NS | ||||
| Male | 12 (85.7) | 13 (86.7) | 13 (92.9) | 38 (88.4) | |
| Female | 2 (14.3) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (7.1) | 5 (11.6) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | NS | ||||
| Hispanic | 2 (14.3) | 4 (26.7) | 2 (14.3) | 8 (18.6) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 10 (71.4) | 11 (73.3) | 12 (85.7) | 33 (76.7) | |
| Not answered | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | |
| Race, n (%) | NS | ||||
| Caucasian | 8 (57.1) | 7 (46.7) | 7 (50.0) | 22 (51.1) | |
| Black or African American | 3 (21.4) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (6.7) | 5 (11.6) | |
| Other | 1 (7.1) | 5 (33.3) | 5 (35.7) | 11 (25.6) | |
| Not answered | 2 (14.3) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (7.1) | 5 (11.6) | |
| Education level, n (%) | NS | ||||
| High-school graduate or less | 3 (21.4) | 2 (13.3) | 4 (28.6) | 9 (20.9) | |
| Some college/college graduate | 9 (64.3) | 9 (60.0) | 10 (71.4) | 28 (65.1) | |
| Graduate-level degree | 1 (7.1) | 3 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (9.3) | |
| Not answered | 1 (7.1) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.0111 | ||||
| Single/separated | 7 (50.0) | 2 (14.3) | 10 (71.4) | 19 (45.2) | |
| Married | 7 (50.0) | 12 (85.7) | 4 (28.6) | 23 (54.8) | |
| Rank, n (%) | 0.0346 | ||||
| Officer | 1 (7.1) | 5 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (14.0) | |
| Enlisted | 13 (92.9) | 10 (66.7) | 14 (100.0) | 37 (86.0) | |
| Number of times deployed, n (%) | NS | ||||
| 1 time | 2 (14.3) | 3 (20.0) | 6 (42.9) | 11 (25.6) | |
| 2 times | 3 (21.4) | 3 (20.0) | 5 (35.7) | 11 (25.6) | |
| 3 times | 4 (28.6) | 4 (26.7) | 2 (14.3) | 10 (23.3) | |
| 4 times | 3 (21.4) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (7.1) | 7 (16.3) | |
| 5 or more times | 2 (14.2) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.0) | |
| N/A | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Total of months deployed, n (%) | NS | ||||
| 1–3 months | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (2.3) | |
| 4–6 months | 0 (0.0) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | |
| 7–11 months | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (21.4) | 4 (9.3) | |
| 12–17 months | 1 (7.1) | 1 (6.7) | 3 (21.4) | 5 (11.6) | |
| 18–23 months | 4 (28.6) | 3 (20.0) | 2 (14.3) | 9 (20.9) | |
| 24–36 months | 4 (28.6) | 5 (33.3) | 5 (35.7) | 14 (32.6) | |
| >36 months | 4 (28.6) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (14.0) | |
| N/A | 0 (0.0) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | |
| Total number of head injuries, n (%) | NS | ||||
| 1 | 3 (21.4) | 3 (20.0) | 4 (28.6) | 10 (23.3) | |
| > 1 | 11 (78.6) | 12 (80.0) | 10 (71.4) | 33 (76.7) |
TCA, traditional Chinese acupuncture; AA, auricular acupuncture; UC, usual care; SD, standard deviation; NS, nonsignificant; NA, not answered.