. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 29.

Published in final edited form as: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Jan;48(1):20–25. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000752

Table 8.

Adverse change (AC) thresholds based on the control group’s approximate 5th percentile.

	AC threshold^a	Controls meeting proposed AC threshold	Exercisers meeting proposed AC threshold	p-value^b
Insulin	≥ 39 pmol/L	12/289 (4.2%)	30/676 (4.4%)	0.40
Triglycerides	≥ 0.95 mg/dL	15/315 (4.8%)	22/754 (2.9%)	0.16
HDL-C	≥ 0.36 mmol/L	13/315 (4.1%)	25/755 (3.3%)	0.56
SBP	≥ 21 mm Hg	12/243 (4.9%)	21/562 (3.7%)	0.46

The AC thresholds correspond to the upper 5^th percentile in the adverse direction of the control group’s observed changes. The 5^th percentile corresponds to approximately and not exactly 5% of the control subjects due to there being ties in the baseline-to-follow-up changes in the control group and the fact that the number of control subjects is not a multiple of 20 since 0.05 = 1/20.

Negative hypergeometric distribution two-sided p-value that the exercise group AC rate is different from the control group AC rate.