Table 2.
Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident type 2 diabetes by categories of diet quality index score among men (n = 10,413) and women (n = 16,455) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (1991–2014).
| Model | Low (0–1) | Medium (2–4) | High (5–6) | p-Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | ||||
| Cases/person-years | 563/70,894 | 2763/332,587 | 512/62,071 | |
| Basic model a | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 1.01 (0.90–1.14) | 0.60 |
| Multivariable model excl. BMI b | 1.00 | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | 0.02 |
| Multivariable model c | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 0.56 |
| Adequate reporters in basic model d | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.87–1.11) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) | 0.03 |
| Adequate reporters in multivariable model excl. BMI e | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.98–1.23) | 1.09 (0.91–1.29) | 0.70 |
| Adequate reporters in multivariable model f | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 0.34 |
| Men | ||||
| Cases/person-years | 255/25,165 | 1399/126,887 | 205/19,136 | |
| Basic model a | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.91–1.18) | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) | 0.55 |
| Multivariable model excl. BMI b | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) | 0.39 |
| Multivariable model c | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) | 0.96 |
| Adequate reporters in basic model d | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 0.97 (0.76–1.25) | 0.40 |
| Adequate reporters in multivariable model excl. BMI e | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.97–1.35) | 1.15 (0.89–1.48) | 0.98 |
| Adequate reporters in multivariable model f | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) | 1.06 (0.82–1.37) | 0.89 |
| Women | ||||
| Cases/person-years | 308/46,729 | 1364/205,700 | 307/42,936 | |
| Basic model a | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 0.88 |
| Multivariable model excl. BMI b | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.97–1.24) | 1.23 (1.04–1.44) | 0.02 |
| Multivariable model c | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | 0.40 |
| Adequate reporters in basic model d | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.86 (0.68–1.08) | 0.02 |
| Adequate reporters in multivariable model excl. BMI e | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.90–1.24) | 1.05 (0.83–1.33) | 0.89 |
| Adequate reporters in multivariable model f | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.85–1.17) | 0.97 (0.77–1.23) | 0.26 |
a Adjustments for age (stratified), sex, total energy intake, diet assessment method, and season when interviews were conducted; b Adjustments for age (stratified), sex, total energy intake, diet assessment method version, season when interviews were conducted, educational level, leisure-time physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption; c Adjustments for age (stratified), sex, total energy intake, diet assessment method version, season when interviews were conducted, educational level, leisure-time physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and BMI (stratified); d Adjustments as in basic model and excluding both diet changers and energy misreporters (n = 9637) from the analyses; e Adjustments as in multivariable model excl. BMI and excluding both diet changers and energy misreporters (n = 9637) from the analyses; f Adjustments as in multivariable model and excluding both diet changers and energy misreporters (n = 9637) from the analyses.