Table 3.
Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident type 2 diabetes by adherence to diet quality index components among participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (1991–2014).
| Dietary Components | Non-Adherence | Adherence |
|---|---|---|
| Saturated fat | >14 E% | ≤14 E% |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable model excl. BMI a | 1.00 | 1.19 (1.10–1.29) |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable model b | 1.00 | 1.14 (1.06–1.24) |
| Adequate reporters in mutually adjusted multivariable model c | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.92–1.14) |
| Polyunsaturated fat | <5 E% or >10 E% | 5–10 E% |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable model excl. BMI a | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable model b | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
| Adequate reporters in mutually adjusted multivariable model c | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) |
| Sucrose | ≥10 E% | ≤10 E% |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable model excl. BMI a | 1.00 | 1.07 (1.00–1.16) |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable model b | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) |
| Adequate reporters in mutually adjusted multivariable model c | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.92–1.12) |
| Fiber | ≤2.4 or >3.6 g/MJ | 2.4–3.6 g/MJ |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable mode excl. BMI a | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.78–0.92) |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable model b | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) |
| Adequate reporters in mutually adjusted multivariable model c | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.79–1.00) |
| Fish and shellfish | ≤300 g/week | ≥300 g/week |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable mode excl. BMI a | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable model b | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) |
| Adequate reporters in mutually adjusted multivariable model c | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) |
| Fruits and vegetables | ≤400 g/day | ≥400 g/day |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable mode excl. BMI a | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) |
| Mutually adjusted multivariable model b | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) |
| Adequate reporters in mutually adjusted multivariable model c | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) |
a Adjusted for age (stratified), sex, total energy intake, diet assessment method version, season when interviews were conducted, educational level, leisure-time physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption and mutual adjustment for the other diet quality index components; b Adjusted for age (stratified), sex, total energy intake, diet assessment method version, season when interviews were conducted, educational level, leisure-time physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and BMI (stratified) and mutual adjustment for the other diet quality index components; c Adjusted for the same variables as in the mutually adjusted multivariable model but excluding both diet changers and energy misreporters (n = 9637) from the analyses.