| AP-1 | Activating protein-1 |
| bDMARD | Biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs |
| COX | Cyclooxygenase |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinases |
| IL | Interleukin |
| iNOS | Nitric oxide synthase inducible |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinases |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| MAPKs | Mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| NO | Nitric Oxide |
| NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
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