| AML | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| ATG | Anti-thymocyte globulin |
| ERVs | Endogenous retroviruses |
| FasL | Fas ligand |
| FasR | Fas receptor |
| HMA | Hypomethylating agent ICUS Idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance |
| IDO | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
| IFN-γ | Interferon-γ IPSS International Prognostic Scoring System |
| IPSS-R | Revised International Prognostic Scoring System |
| ITP | Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MDS | Myelodysplastic syndrome MHC Major histocompatibility complex MMF Mycophenolate Mofetil |
| MSC | Mesenchymal stromal cells |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor k-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| NSAIDs | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| RA | Refactory anemia |
| RCMD | Refractory anemia with multilineage dysplasia |
| TCR | T-cell receptor |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor α |
| TRAIL | Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand |