Table 1.
Nonce words with language-specific phonemes /θ,ɹ,r/.
| English phoneme /θ/ | English phoneme /ɹ/ | Spanish phoneme /r/ |
|---|---|---|
| /t∫iθӘ/ | /t∫aɹӘ/ | /t∫ira/ |
| /fiθӘ/ | /fiɹӘ/ | /fara/ |
| /hiθӘ/ | /hiɹӘ/ | /fira/ |
| /maθӘ/ | /maɹӘ/ | /mara/ |
| /saθӘ/ | /ɹat∫Ә/ | /mira/1 |
| /siθӘ/ | /ɹit∫Ә/ | /rat∫a/ |
| /θit∫Ә/ | /ɹimӘ/ | /rit∫a/ |
| /θisӘ/ | /siɹӘ/ | /sira/ |
1Note that the Spanish nonce-word /mira/, which would be written mirra, is distinct from the real Spanish word mira /miՐa/ ‘look,’ which is produced with the tap /Ր/. Such minimal pairs contrasting /r/ and /Ր/ exist elsewhere in Spanish; consider carro /karo/ ‘car’ vs. caro /kaՐo/ ‘expensive’ and perro /pero/ ‘dog’ vs. pero /peՐo/ ‘but.’