Fig. 4.

Replication study and correlation with primary study. (A) Hierarchical clustering of all participants, showing large biologic variability. (B) Hierarchical clustering of the principal component analysis–selected first two components, showing the correlation between patients and genes. (C) Each point represents the fold change (FC) difference for each gene from the discovery and replication study. The left panel corresponds to the correlation of the FCs for all patients included in both analyses (R² = 0.23, p = 0.03). The second panel represents the seven bladder pain syndrome versus seven controls from the initial study, correlated with the five pain patients and six controls from the replication study (R² = 0.32; p = 0.01). Significance was calculated using Pearson R with a 2-tailed t test and a 95% confidence interval.

FC = fold change.