Table 1.
Demographic and work characteristics, males versus females working on diary day and weekday versus weekend workers, The American Time Use Survey (2003–2011).
| All working on diary day |
Males working on diary day (55.24%) |
Females working on diary day (44.76%) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weekday (M–F)a |
Weekend day (Sa–Su)a |
Weekday (M–F)a |
Weekend day (Sa–Su)a |
Weekday (M–F)a |
Weekend day (Sa–Su)a |
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| Weighted freq. | % | Weighted freq. | % | Weighted freq. | % | Weighted freq. | % | Weighted freq. | % | Weighted freq. | % | |
| Overall | 86 458 294 | 100.0 | 14 140 035 | 100.0 | 47 488 702 | 100.0 | 8 078 482 | 100.0 | 38 969 592 | 100.0 | 6 061 553 | 100.0 |
| Diary Day Work-group Classification | ||||||||||||
| MJH: Worked only at primary job | 5 095 289 | 5.9 | 1 142 963 | 8.1 | 2 690 366 | 5.7 | 621 467 | 7.7 | 2 404 924 | 6.2 | 521 496 | 8.6 |
| MJH: Worked only at other job | 686 209 | 0.8 | 881 887 | 6.2 | 312 282 | 0.7 | 519 926 | 6.4 | 373 927 | 1.0 | 361 961 | 6.0 |
| MJH: Worked both primary & other jobs | 3 333 181 | 3.9 | 419 826 | 3.0 | 1 864 496 | 3.9 | 237 441 | 2.9 | 1 468 685 | 3.8 | 182 385 | 3.0 |
| SJH: Worked at primary job | 77 343 614 | 89.5 | 11 695 359 | 82.7 | 42 621 557 | 89.8 | 6 699 648 | 82.9 | 34 722 057 | 89.1 | 4 995 710 | 82.4 |
| First Reported Work Time on Diary Day | ||||||||||||
| 0500–1059 | 70 644 322 | 81.7 | 7 356 153 | 52.0 | 38 623 906 | 81.3 | 4 356 754 | 53.9 | 32 020 417 | 82.2 | 2 999 400 | 49.5 |
| 1100–1459 | 6 000 263 | 6.9 | 2 589 405 | 18.3 | 2 872 646 | 6.0 | 1 350 925 | 16.7 | 3 127 618 | 8.0 | 1 238 481 | 20.4 |
| 1500–0459 | 9 813 708 | 11.4 | 4 194 476 | 29.7 | 5 992 150 | 12.6 | 2 370 804 | 29.3 | 3 821 558 | 9.8 | 1 823 672 | 30.1 |
| Any Work at Night on Diary Day (between 2200 and 0300) | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 11 080 999 | 12.8 | 3 021 897 | 21.4 | 6 825 615 | 14.4 | 1 740 568 | 21.5 | 4 255 384 | 10.9 | 1 281 329 | 21.1 |
| No | 75 377 295 | 87.2 | 11 118 137 | 78.6 | 40 663 086 | 85.6 | 6 337 914 | 78.5 | 34 714 208 | 89.1 | 4 780 223 | 78.9 |
| Control Variables: | ||||||||||||
| Age, years | ||||||||||||
| 18–24 | 9 986 610 | 11.6 | 2 085 868 | 14.8 | 5 248 226 | 11.1 | 1 138 544 | 14.1 | 4 738 384 | 12.2 | 947 323 | 15.6 |
| 25–34 | 19 315 489 | 22.3 | 3 012 126 | 21.3 | 11 073 883 | 23.3 | 1 786 013 | 22.1 | 8 241 606 | 21.1 | 1 226 113 | 20.2 |
| 35–54 | 41 410 082 | 47.9 | 6 475 324 | 45.8 | 22 701 200 | 47.8 | 3 678 871 | 45.5 | 18 708 882 | 48.0 | 2 796 452 | 46.1 |
| 55+ | 15 746 112 | 18.2 | 2 566 718 | 18.2 | 8 465 393 | 17.8 | 1 475 053 | 18.3 | 7 280 719 | 18.7 | 1 091 664 | 18.0 |
| Mean age (95% CI) | 41.6 (41.4, 41.7) | 41.0 (40.6, 41.3) | 41.5 (41.2, 41.7) | 41.0 (40.5, 41.4) | 41.7 (41.4, 41.9) | 40.9 (40.4, 41.4) | ||||||
| Occupation of Primary Job | ||||||||||||
| Management, business, and financial | 14 953 304 | 17.3 | 2 264 807 | 16.0 | 8 728 163 | 18.4 | 1 450 456 | 18.0 | 6 225 140 | 16.0 | 814 351 | 13.4 |
| Production | 5 802 422 | 6.7 | 682 731 | 4.8 | 4 057 908 | 8.5 | 489 836 | 6.1 | 1 744 514 | 4.5 | 192 895 | 3.2 |
| Service | 12 127 244 | 14.0 | 2 761 884 | 19.5 | 5 363 135 | 11.3 | 1 292 448 | 16.0 | 6 764 109 | 17.4 | 1 469 436 | 24.2 |
| Sales and related | 9 017 052 | 10.4 | 2 067 362 | 14.6 | 4 772 592 | 10.1 | 1 090 451 | 13.5 | 4 244 460 | 10.9 | 976 910 | 16.1 |
| Office and administrative support | 11 253 763 | 13.0 | 1 273 904 | 9.0 | 2 925 936 | 6.2 | 480 153 | 5.9 | 8 327 827 | 21.4 | 793 751 | 13.1 |
| Farming, fishing, and forestry | 634 450 | 0.7 | 118 388 | 0.8 | 511 697 | 1.1 | 96 694 | 1.2 | 122 753 | 0.3 | 21 695 | 0.4 |
| Construction and extraction | 4 971 727 | 5.8 | 518 232 | 3.7 | 4 844 326 | 10.2 | 507 967 | 6.3 | 127 402 | 0.3 | 10 266 | 0.2 |
| Installation, maintenance, and repair | 3 298 554 | 3.8 | 419 007 | 3.0 | 3 177 155 | 6.7 | 409 162 | 5.1 | 121 400 | 0.3 | 9 845 | 0.2 |
| Professional and related (ref) | 19 456 406 | 22.5 | 3 231 926 | 22.9 | 8 879 217 | 18.7 | 1 560 145 | 19.3 | 10 577 189 | 27.1 | 1 671 781 | 27.6 |
| Transportation and material moving | 4 943 371 | 5.7 | 801 794 | 5.7 | 4 228 572 | 8.9 | 701 170 | 8.7 | 714 799 | 1.8 | 100 623 | 1.7 |
| Industry of Primary Job | ||||||||||||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting | 1 541 810 | 1.8 | 357 924 | 2.5 | 1 184 534 | 2.5 | 281 378 | 3.5 | 357 276 | 0.9 | 76 546 | 1.3 |
| Mining | 397 955 | 0.5 | 66 946 | 0.5 | 366 929 | 0.8 | 60 697 | 0.8 | 31 027 | 0.1 | 6 249 | 0.1 |
| Construction | 6 382 117 | 7.4 | 693 781 | 4.9 | 5 835 716 | 12.3 | 635 359 | 7.9 | 546 402 | 1.4 | 58 421 | 1.0 |
| Manufacturing | 10 828 359 | 12.5 | 1 178 376 | 8.3 | 7 736 681 | 16.3 | 910 535 | 11.3 | 3 091 678 | 7.9 | 267 841 | 4.4 |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 11 722 745 | 13.6 | 2 463 347 | 17.4 | 6 697 314 | 14.1 | 1 386 317 | 17.2 | 5 025 431 | 12.9 | 1 077 029 | 17.8 |
| Transportation and utilities | 4 267 124 | 4.9 | 727 802 | 5.1 | 3 369 810 | 7.1 | 575 091 | 7.1 | 897 314 | 2.3 | 152 711 | 2.5 |
| Information | 2 276 905 | 2.6 | 350 350 | 2.5 | 1 391 658 | 2.9 | 204 642 | 2.5 | 885 246 | 2.3 | 145 707 | 2.4 |
| Financial activities | 6 859 469 | 7.9 | 847 323 | 6.0 | 3 154 758 | 6.6 | 465 799 | 5.8 | 3 704 711 | 9.5 | 381 524 | 6.3 |
| Educational and health services (ref) | 18 466 723 | 21.4 | 3 006 156 | 21.3 | 4 886 455 | 10.3 | 979 880 | 12.1 | 13 580 268 | 34.8 | 2 026 277 | 33.4 |
| Professional and business services | 9 580 086 | 11.1 | 1 452 412 | 10.3 | 5 719 126 | 12.0 | 937 854 | 11.6 | 3 860 961 | 9.9 | 514 558 | 8.5 |
| Leisure and hospitality | 5 793 615 | 6.7 | 1 777 891 | 12.6 | 2 819 987 | 5.9 | 946 159 | 11.7 | 2 973 628 | 7.6 | 831 732 | 13.7 |
| Other services | 4 156 159 | 4.8 | 704 332 | 5.0 | 2 061 757 | 4.3 | 363 491 | 4.5 | 2 094 403 | 5.4 | 340 841 | 5.6 |
| Public administration | 4 185 225 | 4.8 | 513 395 | 3.6 | 2 263 979 | 4.8 | 331 280 | 4.1 | 1 921 246 | 4.9 | 182 115 | 3.0 |
| Work Hours of Primary+Secondary Jobs on Diary Day | ||||||||||||
| ≤4 | 8 248 972 | 9.5 | 5 629 396 | 39.8 | 3 696 297 | 7.8 | 3 082 395 | 38.2 | 4 552 674 | 11.7 | 2 547 000 | 42.0 |
| 4.01–6 | 7 405 656 | 8.6 | 1 957 247 | 13.8 | 3 077 197 | 6.5 | 1 025 062 | 12.7 | 4 328 458 | 11.1 | 932 186 | 15.4 |
| 6.01–8 | 26 727 367 | 30.9 | 2 849 299 | 20.2 | 13 258 610 | 27.9 | 1 588 660 | 19.7 | 13 468 758 | 34.6 | 1 260 638 | 20.8 |
| 8.01 to 10 | 29 529 050 | 34.2 | 2 102 231 | 14.9 | 17 314 107 | 36.5 | 1 261 079 | 15.6 | 12 214 943 | 31.3 | 841 151 | 13.9 |
| >10 | 14 547 248 | 16.8 | 1 601 862 | 11.3 | 10 142 490 | 21.4 | 1 121 285 | 13.9 | 4 404 758 | 11.3 | 480 577 | 7.9 |
| Mean Work Hours on diary day (95% CI) | 8.0 (7.9, 8.0) | 5.5 (5.5, 5.6) | 8.4 (8.3, 8.4) | 5.8 (5.7, 5.9) | 7.5 (7.4, 7.5) | 5.2 (5.1, 5.3) | ||||||
| Presence of Child (<18) in Household (reference no) | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 36 946 494 | 42.7 | 6 017 324 | 42.6 | 20 497 912 | 43.2 | 3 425 075 | 42.4 | 16 448 582 | 42.2 | 2 592 250 | 42.8 |
| No | 49 511 800 | 57.3 | 8 122 710 | 57.4 | 26 990 790 | 56.8 | 4 653 408 | 57.6 | 22 521 010 | 57.8 | 3 469 303 | 57.2 |
| Spouse or Partner Residing in Household (reference yes) | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 56 013 516 | 64.8 | 8 728 121 | 61.7 | 32 272 062 | 68.0 | 5 252 466 | 65.0 | 23 741 455 | 60.9 | 3 475 656 | 57.3 |
| No | 30 444 777 | 35.2 | 5 411 913 | 38.3 | 15 216 640 | 32.0 | 2 826 017 | 35.0 | 15 228 137 | 39.1 | 2 585 897 | 42.7 |
| Highest Level of Education | ||||||||||||
| High School Graduate or less | 33 027 140 | 38.2 | 5 070 401 | 35.9 | 19 632 964 | 41.3 | 3 079 700 | 38.1 | 13 394 176 | 34.4 | 1 990 701 | 32.8 |
| Some college or Associate degree | 23 469 804 | 27.1 | 4 004 431 | 28.3 | 11 828 518 | 24.9 | 2 224 796 | 27.5 | 11 641 285 | 29.9 | 1 779 635 | 29.4 |
| Bachelor’s Degree or higher | 29 961 350 | 34.7 | 5 065 203 | 35.8 | 16 027 219 | 33.8 | 2 773 986 | 34.3 | 13 934 131 | 35.8 | 2 291 217 | 37.8 |
aM–F: Monday through Friday; Sa–Su: Saturday and Sunday.