TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the study population by time of data collection1
| Baseline (July 2011) | First follow-up (May 2012) | Second follow-up (December 2013) | |
| Participants, n | 529 | 529 | 515 |
| Dietary diversity score2 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 1.1 |
| Nutritional status | |||
| HAD, cm | −7.2 ± 4.9 | −9.1 ± 4.8 | −11.7 ± 4.6 |
| HAZ | −2.5 ± 1.4 | −2.7 ± 1.3 | −2.8 ± 1.1 |
| WHZ | −0.5 ± 1.1 | −1.0 ± 1.2 | −0.2 ± 1.0 |
| BMIZ3 | — | −1.5 ± 2.2 | −0.4 ± 0.8 |
| WAZ4 | −1.8 ± 1.1 | −2.1 ± 1.0 | −1.9 ± 0.9 |
| Sex | |||
| M | 53.9 | — | — |
| F | 46.1 | — | — |
| Age, mo | |||
| 0–5 | 19.1 | — | — |
| 6–8 | 9.3 | — | — |
| 9–11 | 7.2 | 5.9 | — |
| 12–17 | 18.9 | 19.8 | — |
| 18–23 | 8.7 | 19.1 | — |
| 24–35 | 17.4 | 23.4 | 21.2 |
| 36–47 | 12.9 | 15.7 | 34.8 |
| 48–59 | 6.6 | 11.2 | 19.2 |
| 60–71 | — | 4.9 | 15.0 |
| 72–83 | — | — | 8.9 |
| 84–91 | — | — | 1.0 |
| Diarrhea and quality of care | |||
| No diarrhea | 65.2 | — | 88.3 |
| Diarrhea and good care | 4.0 | — | 2.9 |
| Diarrhea and inappropriate care | 30.8 | — | 8.7 |
| ARI5 | 2.6 | — | 1.4 |
| Child is breastfed | 85.3 | — | 27.0 |
| Child is exclusively breastfed | 22.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Wealth index6 | 0.0 ± 1.3 | — | — |
| Household food insecurity | |||
| Food secure | 41.4 | — | 68.9 |
| Mild food insecurity | 24.2 | — | 7.0 |
| Moderate food insecurity | 18.3 | — | 13.8 |
| Severe food insecurity | 16.1 | — | 10.3 |
| Maternal height, cm | 149.4 ± 5.3 | — | — |
| Household members per sleeping room | — | — | 3.1 ± 1.5 |
| Mother’s years of schooling | — | — | 0.5 ± 1.8 |
Values are means ± SDs or percentages. ARI, acute respiratory infection; BMIZ, BMI-for-age z score; HAD, height-for-age difference; HAZ, height-for-age z score; WAZ, weight-for-age z score; WHZ, weight-for-height z score.
The number of food groups consumed in the 7 d preceding the interview out of 7 food groups; at baseline, this excludes 120 children who had not started complementary foods.
For children aged >60 mo, BMIZs were calculated instead of WHZs. Missing observations—baseline: 5; first follow-up: 1; and second follow-up: 5.
Missing observations—baseline: 6; first follow-up: 6; and second follow-up: 1.
On the day preceding the interview as reported by the mother.
Constructed with the use of principal component analysis from a number of variables, including toilet ownership, selected household assets (such as radio and electricity), land ownership, and income from a family member who had migrated for work (particularly for wild-mushroom harvesting).