TABLE 2.
Crude and mutually adjusted associations between conditional growth (HAD) and covariates in Nepalese children over the 2 growth periods1
| Conditional growth 1 (n = 529) |
Conditional growth 2 (n = 515) |
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| Crude associations |
Adjusted associations |
Crude associations |
Adjusted associations |
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| B (95% CI) | P | B (95% CI) | P | B (95% CI) | P | B (95% CI) | P | |
| Dietary Diversity Score2 | 0.06 (−0.02, 0.14) | 0.13 | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.12) | 0.29 | 0.09 (0.02, 0.17) | 0.02 | 0.09 (0.00, 0.17) | 0.04 |
| Maternal height, cm | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) | <0.01 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) | <0.01 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.04) | <0.01 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.04) | <0.01 |
| Household members per sleeping room | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.00) | 0.06 | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.02) | 0.18 | −0.07 (−0.13, 0.01) | 0.01 | −0.08 (−0.14, −0.02) | 0.01 |
| Mother’s years of schooling | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06) | 0.79 | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04) | 0.63 | −0.03 (−0.08, 0.02) | 0.22 | −0.05 (−0.10, 0.00) | 0.06 |
| Female | 0.13 (−0.04, 0.30) | 0.14 | 0.12 (−0.06, 0.29) | 0.19 | −0.07 (−0.24, 0.11) | 0.46 | −0.10 (−0.27, 0.08) | 0.29 |
| Age,3 mo | ||||||||
| 0–5 | Ref | Ref | — | — | ||||
| 6–8 | −0.01 (−0.35, 0.34) | 0.97 | −0.07 (−0.42, 0.28) | 0.70 | — | — | ||
| 9–11 | −0.01 (−0.39, 0.37) | 0.95 | 0.02 (−0.36, 0.41) | 0.92 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 12–17 | 0.00 (−0.28, 0.28) | 1.00 | 0.00 (−0.28, 0.28) | 1.00 | −0.00 (−0.41, 0.41) | 1.00 | 0.07 (−0.34, 0.48) | 0.74 |
| 18–23 | 0.01 (−0.34, 0.37) | 0.95 | 0.01 (−0.35, 0.36) | 0.97 | −0.00 (−0.41, 0.41) | 1.00 | 0.11 (−0.31, 0.52) | 0.61 |
| 24–35 | 0.00 (−0.28, 0.29) | 0.98 | 0.02 (−0.27, 0.31) | 0.89 | −0.00 (−0.41, 0.40) | 1.00 | 0.08 (−0.33, 0.48) | 0.71 |
| 36–47 | 0.00 (−0.31, 0.31) | 0.99 | 0.04 (−0.27, 0.36) | 0.80 | −0.00 (−0.43, 0.43) | 1.00 | 0.08 (−0.35, 0.51) | 0.72 |
| 48–59 | 0.00 (−0.39, 0.39) | 0.99 | 0.03 (−0.36, 0.42) | 0.87 | 0.00 (−0.45, 0.45) | 1.00 | 0.09 (−0.37, 0.54) | 0.70 |
| 60–71 | — | — | −0.00 (−0.55, 0.55) | 0.99 | 0.13 (−0.43, 0.69) | 0.65 | ||
| Diarrhea and quality of care | ||||||||
| No diarrhea | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Diarrhea and good care | 0.07 (−0.37, 0.52) | 0.75 | 0.08 (−0.37, 0.53) | 0.73 | 0.30 (−0.21, 0.82) | 0.25 | 0.31 (−0.22, 0.83) | 0.25 |
| Diarrhea and inappropriate care | 0.07 (−0.12, 0.26) | 0.47 | 0.09 (−0.11, 0.28) | 0.37 | 0.00 (−0.31, 0.31) | 1.00 | 0.03 (−0.28, 0.35) | 0.84 |
| ARI4 | −0.60 (−1.13, −0.06) | 0.03 | −0.59 (−1.14, −0.04) | 0.04 | −0.13 (−0.89, 0.62) | 0.73 | −0.16 (−0.93, 0.61) | 0.69 |
| Child is breastfed | — | — | 0.07 (−0.12, 0.27) | 0.46 | 0.10 (−0.11, 0.31) | 0.33 | ||
| Wealth quintile | ||||||||
| 1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2 | −0.01 (−0.27, 0.27) | 0.94 | −0.01 (−0.29, 0.27) | 0.93 | −0.06 (−0.33, 0.21) | 0.67 | −0.07 (−0.35, 0.20) | 0.59 |
| 3 | 0.10 (−0.16, 0.36) | 0.45 | 0.10 (−0.19, 0.39) | 0.51 | −0.06 (−0.33, 0.20) | 0.64 | −0.12 (−0.39, 0.15) | 0.37 |
| 4 | 0.21 (−0.07, 0.48) | 0.14 | 0.21 (−0.09, 0.51) | 0.17 | 0.10 (−0.18, 0.38) | 0.46 | 0.08 (−0.21, 0.36) | 0.60 |
| 5 | 0.24 (−0.02, 0.51) | 0.08 | 0.22 (−0.09, 0.52) | 0.17 | 0.08 (−0.20, 0.35) | 0.58 | 0.03 (−0.26, 0.32) | 0.83 |
| Household food insecurity | ||||||||
| Food secure | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Mild food insecurity | −0.10 (−0.32, 0.12) | 0.37 | −0.03 (−0.25, 0.20) | 0.81 | −0.07 (−0.42, 0.28) | 0.69 | 0.03 (−0.33, 0.38) | 0.88 |
| Moderate food insecurity | −0.11 (−0.35, 0.13) | 0.37 | 0.00 (−0.26, 0.26) | 0.98 | −0.08 (−0.34, 0.18) | 0.55 | 0.01 (−0.25, 0.28) | 0.93 |
| Severe food insecurity | −0.16 (−0.41, 0.10) | 0.23 | 0.06 (−0.24, 0.35) | 0.70 | −0.06 (−0.36, 0.23) | 0.66 | 0.13 (−0.18, 0.44) | 0.41 |
First growth period (conditional growth 1; 9-mo duration) is from baseline (age range: 0–59 mo) to first follow-up (age range: 9–69 mo). Second growth period (conditional growth 2; 20-mo duration) is from first follow-up (age range: 9–69 mo) to second follow-up (age range: 29–89 mo). Conditional growth is studentized residual representing deviation from expected linear growth in the prior interval based on HAD; conditional growth 1 is from baseline (July 2011) to first follow-up (May 2012), and conditional growth 2 is from first follow-up to second follow-up (December 2013). Adjusted R2 for both conditional growth 1 and conditional growth 2 was 0.01. ARI, acute respiratory infection; HAD, height-for-age difference; Ref, reference.
The number of food groups consumed in the 7 d preceding the interview out of 7 food groups.
At the beginning of the growth period, i.e., age at baseline for conditional growth 1 and age at first follow-up for conditional growth 2.
On the day preceding the interview as reported by the mother. For conditional growth 1, the information was collected at baseline (beginning of the growth period); for conditional growth 2, it was collected at the second follow-up (end of the growth period).