TABLE 3.

Multivariable associations between total coffee consumption levels and telomere length among Nurses’ Health Study participants¹

		Adjusted for age		Adjusted for multiple factors2
Total coffee	N	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
No coffee	295	Reference	—	Reference	—
<1 cup/d	658	1.18 (0.90, 1.56)	0.24	1.23 (0.92, 1.64)	0.16
1 to <2 cups/d	854	1.11 (0.85, 1.45)	0.43	1.16 (0.88, 1.53)	0.3
2 to <3 cups/d	1446	1.22 (0.95, 1.57)	0.13	1.29 (0.99, 1.68)	0.06
≥3 cups/d	1527	1.23 (0.96, 1.58)	0.10	1.36 (1.04, 1.78)	0.02
P-trend	4780	0.13		0.02

¹To obtain the OR and 95% CI, telomere length was dichotomized at the median, with below-median telomere length as the reference group. To obtain the P-trend, total coffee consumption and telomere length were analyzed as continuous variables. The median values for the no coffee and <1, 1 to <2, 2 to <3, and ≥3 cups/d categories are 0, 0.45, 1.45, 2.5, and 4 cups/d, respectively.

²Adjusted for age, smoking, BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, trans fat consumption, and Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score.